A systematic review of enhanced polyurethane foam composites modified with graphene for automotive industry

Polyurethane foams are obtained during the reaction of compounds with hydroxyl groups and compounds containing isocyanate groups and are widely used in the packaging, construction, transportation and electrical energy industries. To bring benefits to its properties, several types of reinforcement are added to polyurethane foams, such as improvements in the thermal, mechanical, fire resistance and thermal insulation of the PUF. Thus, this article presents a systematic review of graphene-modified polyurethane foam composites for acoustic and structural applications with a focus on the last five years. The investigation followed the PRISMA protocol which provides a meticulous summary of all available research in response to a research question. After the inclusion/exclusion of the steps, thirty one studies were included in the review. The results were presented with a focus on PU foam fabrication techniques, polyol types, carbon structured reinforcements and techniques for fabrication of filled graphene PUFs and sound properties. In short, this methodology helped to identify the main knowledge gaps in this area.