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<p>China’s national image is integral to its soft power and has crucial implications for its overseas interests. By explaining China’s national image with a country’s specific characteristics (e.g., ideology and economic level) and its relationship (e.g., trade relations) with China, previous studies have implicitly assumed that each country’s perception of China is independent of other countries’ views. This study challenges this assumption and argues that an international flow network exists in which one country’s perception of China can influence another’s. We perform a Granger causality analysis using sentiments expressed in English Twitter data from 51 countries between September 2011 and August 2021, which yields yearly international influence networks concerning China’s image. Temporal exponential random graph models show that gross domestic product (GDP) is positively correlated with a country’s ability to influence others and its susceptibility to external influences. A shared colonial history predicts the existence of influence. In addition, lower susceptibility to external influences is predicted by a greater number of high-level official visits with China, but not by measures of economic ties, including the proportions of foreign direct investment and imports from China in the country’s GDP.</p>

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Global Flow of China’s National Image: Power, Proximity, and China Presence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Zeyu Zhu,
  • Huimin Chen,
  • Yun Shi,
  • Mengmeng Zhang,
  • Chenning Sun,
  • Xiaoxiao Cheng,
  • Jianbin Jin

摘要

China’s national image is integral to its soft power and has crucial implications for its overseas interests. By explaining China’s national image with a country’s specific characteristics (e.g., ideology and economic level) and its relationship (e.g., trade relations) with China, previous studies have implicitly assumed that each country’s perception of China is independent of other countries’ views. This study challenges this assumption and argues that an international flow network exists in which one country’s perception of China can influence another’s. We perform a Granger causality analysis using sentiments expressed in English Twitter data from 51 countries between September 2011 and August 2021, which yields yearly international influence networks concerning China’s image. Temporal exponential random graph models show that gross domestic product (GDP) is positively correlated with a country’s ability to influence others and its susceptibility to external influences. A shared colonial history predicts the existence of influence. In addition, lower susceptibility to external influences is predicted by a greater number of high-level official visits with China, but not by measures of economic ties, including the proportions of foreign direct investment and imports from China in the country’s GDP.