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<p>As a national-level strategic development region in China, the Huaihai Economic Zone Urban Agglomeration (HHEZ-UA) plays a pivotal role in regional economic growth. Understanding the spatial patterns of population mobility is essential for gaining insights into regional development dynamics. This study leverages Baidu migration big data collected from January 1 to November 30, 2023, employing urban scaling methods, social network analysis (SNA), and a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) + K-means hybrid clustering algorithm. From a hierarchical network perspective, we systematically analyse both the intra-regional and inter-regional population migration patterns within the HHEZ-UA, revealing the network characteristics and hierarchical structure of population flows. The results show that (1) the degree of primacy of the urban agglomeration in the HHEZ-UA is relatively low, indicating the insignificant dominance of the leading city. The distribution of migration scales in low-ranking cities is dispersed, with significant variation in their agglomeration and distribution capacity. In contrast, high-ranking cities exhibit a concentrated distribution of migration scales and stronger agglomeration and distribution capacity, but their dominant position remains weak. (2) Xuzhou, Jining, Linyi, and Suzhou are the four cities with the strongest gathering–distributing capacity, serving as key hub cities in the network. (3) From a cluster structure perspective, Jiangsu, Shandong, and eastern Anhui demonstrate a clear cluster development trend. (4) Within the research area, there are structural differences between directed and net migration flows. Among the top routes, Huaibei to Suzhou, Rizhao to Linyi, Zaozhuang to Jining, and Suzhou to Xuzhou rank highest in both directed and net migration scales. Xuzhou is the largest population inflow destination, whereas Zaozhuang is the largest outflow city. The intra- and inter-regional population migration networks manifest a distinct north‒south divergence pattern. (5) Based on inflow, outflow, and centrality characteristics, cities in the HHEZ-UA are divided into six major types, and the comprehensive regional importance of each city is clarified.</p>

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“Hierarchical network” structure of the urban agglomeration of the Huaihai economic zone in China based on Baidu migration data

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Shuanghua Liang,
  • Jing Jiang,
  • Zhaoli Wu

摘要

As a national-level strategic development region in China, the Huaihai Economic Zone Urban Agglomeration (HHEZ-UA) plays a pivotal role in regional economic growth. Understanding the spatial patterns of population mobility is essential for gaining insights into regional development dynamics. This study leverages Baidu migration big data collected from January 1 to November 30, 2023, employing urban scaling methods, social network analysis (SNA), and a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) + K-means hybrid clustering algorithm. From a hierarchical network perspective, we systematically analyse both the intra-regional and inter-regional population migration patterns within the HHEZ-UA, revealing the network characteristics and hierarchical structure of population flows. The results show that (1) the degree of primacy of the urban agglomeration in the HHEZ-UA is relatively low, indicating the insignificant dominance of the leading city. The distribution of migration scales in low-ranking cities is dispersed, with significant variation in their agglomeration and distribution capacity. In contrast, high-ranking cities exhibit a concentrated distribution of migration scales and stronger agglomeration and distribution capacity, but their dominant position remains weak. (2) Xuzhou, Jining, Linyi, and Suzhou are the four cities with the strongest gathering–distributing capacity, serving as key hub cities in the network. (3) From a cluster structure perspective, Jiangsu, Shandong, and eastern Anhui demonstrate a clear cluster development trend. (4) Within the research area, there are structural differences between directed and net migration flows. Among the top routes, Huaibei to Suzhou, Rizhao to Linyi, Zaozhuang to Jining, and Suzhou to Xuzhou rank highest in both directed and net migration scales. Xuzhou is the largest population inflow destination, whereas Zaozhuang is the largest outflow city. The intra- and inter-regional population migration networks manifest a distinct north‒south divergence pattern. (5) Based on inflow, outflow, and centrality characteristics, cities in the HHEZ-UA are divided into six major types, and the comprehensive regional importance of each city is clarified.