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<p>Global water scarcity and ecosystem degradation disproportionately affect drought-prone tribal regions, where weak infrastructure and climate variability intensify vulnerability. The Bankabal watershed in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, India (~ 350&#xa0;km²), exemplifies these conditions, combining Precambrian crystalline geology, elongated basin morphology, and socio-economic marginalization. This study develops an integrated geospatial framework that links morphometry, hydro-meteorological variability, vegetation stress, multi-hazard zonation, groundwater potential, and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-oriented planning. Digital-elevation-based analysis revealed a fifth-order elongated basin (elongation ratio = 0.730) with moderately fine drainage texture and irregular bifurcation ratios declining to 0.794 in higher orders. Water-balance assessment indicated strong monsoon seasonality, with frequent dry-season deficits below − 150&#xa0;mm, while vegetation indices highlighted persistent vegetation moisture stress in degraded northeastern and southern uplands and comparatively healthier canopies in central and western lowlands. Validated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)- based multi-hazard models with an area under the curve (AUC) &gt; 0.80 delineated extensive moderate-to-high flood susceptibility, especially around low-lying villages, and identified very high drought vulnerability along upland hill slopes. Groundwater potential mapping, dominated by geomorphology (36.1% weight) and geology (21.4%), delineated high-recharge corridors in central flatlands versus low-potential uplands with limited natural storage. These multi-layered results revealed severe but spatially structured water-related risk and clear opportunity zones for recharge enhancement and hazard reduction. The framework underpins a Sustainable Water Security Plan (SWSP) that aligns targeted afforestation, flood-mitigation measures, groundwater-based water-supply planning, and climate-resilient agriculture with SDGs 6, 13, 15, and 2, and offers a transferable template for multi-hazard management in similar watersheds worldwide.</p>

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An Integrated Geospatial Assessment of Multi-hazard Vulnerability and Groundwater Potential for Advancing Sustainable Water Security in Northern Odisha, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Debabrata Nandi,
  • Jagadish Kumar Tripathy,
  • Duryadhan Behera,
  • Ahmed M. Saqr,
  • Roshan Beuria,
  • Rakesh Ranjan Thakur

摘要

Global water scarcity and ecosystem degradation disproportionately affect drought-prone tribal regions, where weak infrastructure and climate variability intensify vulnerability. The Bankabal watershed in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, India (~ 350 km²), exemplifies these conditions, combining Precambrian crystalline geology, elongated basin morphology, and socio-economic marginalization. This study develops an integrated geospatial framework that links morphometry, hydro-meteorological variability, vegetation stress, multi-hazard zonation, groundwater potential, and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-oriented planning. Digital-elevation-based analysis revealed a fifth-order elongated basin (elongation ratio = 0.730) with moderately fine drainage texture and irregular bifurcation ratios declining to 0.794 in higher orders. Water-balance assessment indicated strong monsoon seasonality, with frequent dry-season deficits below − 150 mm, while vegetation indices highlighted persistent vegetation moisture stress in degraded northeastern and southern uplands and comparatively healthier canopies in central and western lowlands. Validated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)- based multi-hazard models with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.80 delineated extensive moderate-to-high flood susceptibility, especially around low-lying villages, and identified very high drought vulnerability along upland hill slopes. Groundwater potential mapping, dominated by geomorphology (36.1% weight) and geology (21.4%), delineated high-recharge corridors in central flatlands versus low-potential uplands with limited natural storage. These multi-layered results revealed severe but spatially structured water-related risk and clear opportunity zones for recharge enhancement and hazard reduction. The framework underpins a Sustainable Water Security Plan (SWSP) that aligns targeted afforestation, flood-mitigation measures, groundwater-based water-supply planning, and climate-resilient agriculture with SDGs 6, 13, 15, and 2, and offers a transferable template for multi-hazard management in similar watersheds worldwide.