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<p>An integrated adsorption–photocatalysis process was utilized for the degradation of three structurally distinct pesticides, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), and triclopyr acid (TCP). Polythiophene-supported TiO<sub>2</sub> composites synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization (denoted as pTh-1, pTh-2, and pTh-3) were evaluated for pesticide degradation under UV irradiation. The best-performing composite (pTh-1) achieved degradation efficiencies of 86% (2,4-D), 91.6% (4-CPA), and 78% (TCP), outperforming pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> under identical conditions. The apparent rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>app</sub>) were consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics, ranging from 0.002 to 0.015&#xa0;min⁻¹ depending on the pollutant. The modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood model adequately described the coupling between adsorption and photodegradation, consistent with a surface-reaction-controlled description under the studied conditions. Comparable trends from Langmuir–Hinshelwood analysis and electrical energy per order <i>E</i><sub>E0</sub> calculations support a consistent kinetic and energy-based description of the batch adsorption–photocatalysis system. The facile synthesis, reasonable reusability, and competitive energy demand suggest that pTh-1 has potential for pesticide-contaminated wastewater treatment applications.</p>

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Sorption-Photocatalysis of Structurally Distinct Pesticides Using Polythiophene/TiO2 Composites: Kinetics, Equilibrium, Reusability and Operational Economics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Pareshkumar G. Moradeeya,
  • Anil Kumar Madhava,
  • Archana Sharma,
  • Basha Shaik

摘要

An integrated adsorption–photocatalysis process was utilized for the degradation of three structurally distinct pesticides, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), and triclopyr acid (TCP). Polythiophene-supported TiO2 composites synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization (denoted as pTh-1, pTh-2, and pTh-3) were evaluated for pesticide degradation under UV irradiation. The best-performing composite (pTh-1) achieved degradation efficiencies of 86% (2,4-D), 91.6% (4-CPA), and 78% (TCP), outperforming pristine TiO2 under identical conditions. The apparent rate constants (kapp) were consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics, ranging from 0.002 to 0.015 min⁻¹ depending on the pollutant. The modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood model adequately described the coupling between adsorption and photodegradation, consistent with a surface-reaction-controlled description under the studied conditions. Comparable trends from Langmuir–Hinshelwood analysis and electrical energy per order EE0 calculations support a consistent kinetic and energy-based description of the batch adsorption–photocatalysis system. The facile synthesis, reasonable reusability, and competitive energy demand suggest that pTh-1 has potential for pesticide-contaminated wastewater treatment applications.