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<p>This study involved the preparation of sodium alginate-modified magnetite-supported nano zero-valent iron (SA@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-nZVI) composites via liquid-phase reduction and pre-agglomeration stabilization. Characterizations by SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, BET, TEM, FTIR, and VSM confirmed that nZVI was effectively anchored onto Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and sodium alginate (SA). The resulting core-shell structure can inhibit the oxidation and agglomeration of nZVI to a certain extent. Using SA@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-nZVI as a heterogeneous catalyst coupled with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, a Fenton-like system was established to evaluate the removal of enrofloxacin (ENR), a model fluoroquinolones (FQs) antibiotic in aqueous solutions. Kinetic analysis revealed that the removal process followed a pseudo-first-order model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.9). Experimental screening identified optimal ENR degradation conditions: 298.15&#xa0;K, initial pH 3.0, initial ENR concentration 10&#xa0;mg/L, SA@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-nZVI dosage 0.8&#xa0;g/L, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration 15 mmol/L, under which the degradation efficiency reached 95.13% within 90&#xa0;min. SA@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-nZVI exhibits a saturation magnetization of 78.20 emu/g, enabling rapid solid-liquid separation under an external magnetic field. After five recycling cycles, the ENR removal efficiency remained at 87.88%, highlighting its excellent practical applicability. Quenching experiments showed that <b>·</b>OH, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and <b>·</b>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> contributed to ENR removal, with <b>·</b>OH playing a dominant role (70% efficiency reduction upon quenching). LC-MS analysis deduced removal products and pathways, involving piperazine ring cleavage, quinolone group breakdown, and fluorine atom elimination, ultimately achieving pollutant mineralization and harmless treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p> In this study, SA@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-nZVI was prepared, and characterization confirmed that it could effectively overcome the drawbacks of traditional nZVI. Coupled with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, it was used to construct a Fenton-like system for enrofloxacin (ENR) removal. Additionally, the effects of different factors on removal efficiency were investigated, and the removal products and degradation pathways of ENR were analyzed and inferred.</p> <p></p>

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Removal of Enrofloxacin in Sodium Alginate Modified Fe3O4-nZVI Fenton-like Processes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Jinkui Zhong,
  • Yuming Ma,
  • Yuanhu Gao,
  • Kang Fu,
  • Jie Dong,
  • Shi Chen,
  • Jinglei Cao,
  • Wen Ma,
  • Siqian Wang,
  • Wenqing Li

摘要

This study involved the preparation of sodium alginate-modified magnetite-supported nano zero-valent iron (SA@Fe3O4-nZVI) composites via liquid-phase reduction and pre-agglomeration stabilization. Characterizations by SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, BET, TEM, FTIR, and VSM confirmed that nZVI was effectively anchored onto Fe3O4 and sodium alginate (SA). The resulting core-shell structure can inhibit the oxidation and agglomeration of nZVI to a certain extent. Using SA@Fe3O4-nZVI as a heterogeneous catalyst coupled with H2O2, a Fenton-like system was established to evaluate the removal of enrofloxacin (ENR), a model fluoroquinolones (FQs) antibiotic in aqueous solutions. Kinetic analysis revealed that the removal process followed a pseudo-first-order model (R2 > 0.9). Experimental screening identified optimal ENR degradation conditions: 298.15 K, initial pH 3.0, initial ENR concentration 10 mg/L, SA@Fe3O4-nZVI dosage 0.8 g/L, and H2O2 concentration 15 mmol/L, under which the degradation efficiency reached 95.13% within 90 min. SA@Fe3O4-nZVI exhibits a saturation magnetization of 78.20 emu/g, enabling rapid solid-liquid separation under an external magnetic field. After five recycling cycles, the ENR removal efficiency remained at 87.88%, highlighting its excellent practical applicability. Quenching experiments showed that ·OH, 1O2 and ·O2− contributed to ENR removal, with ·OH playing a dominant role (70% efficiency reduction upon quenching). LC-MS analysis deduced removal products and pathways, involving piperazine ring cleavage, quinolone group breakdown, and fluorine atom elimination, ultimately achieving pollutant mineralization and harmless treatment.

Graphical Abstract

In this study, SA@Fe3O4-nZVI was prepared, and characterization confirmed that it could effectively overcome the drawbacks of traditional nZVI. Coupled with H2O2, it was used to construct a Fenton-like system for enrofloxacin (ENR) removal. Additionally, the effects of different factors on removal efficiency were investigated, and the removal products and degradation pathways of ENR were analyzed and inferred.