Scholarlink

<p>The study examined seasonal groundwater quality of the Hindon River basin, a major tributary of river Yamuna. Groundwater samples (180) were collected in summer, monsoon and winter of 2022. Piper’s trilinear diagram depicted that groundwater geochemistry is controlled by Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub>, mixed Ca + Mg—Cl + SO<sub>4</sub>, and CaCl<sub>2</sub> types water. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Gibb’s plotting revealed that variability of parameters has been attributed to both natural/geogenic and human-induced factors. Water Quality Index (WQI) results showed that groundwater is unfit for human consumption. Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) indicates that only 28 percent samples are fit for human consumption throughout all seasons. HPI demonstrated a significant degree of heavy metals (HMs) toxicity in the study area. Over all seasons, the mean values for the degree of contamination (<i>Cd</i>) are 6.58, 5.49, and 6.42, indicating moderate contamination (6–12) in summer and winter and lower in Monsoon (&lt; 6). Seasonal averages for Ecological Risk Index (ERI) showed moderate HM pollution, averaging 51.91, 41.67, and 46.98 for summer, monsoon and winter, respectively. Wilcox diagram, combined with other indices, demonstrated that most samples are deemed fit for irrigation purposes. Hazard Index (HI) was &lt; 1 for adults but exceeded 1 for children (Hazard Quotient (HQ) order Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Cd &gt; Mn &gt; Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Fe), according to human health risk assessment (HHRA). This situation suggested that water was unsafe to drink and would be harmful to kids. Notably, Cr posed carcinogenic hazards (CR &gt; 10<sup>–4</sup>), with a risk order of Cr &gt; Cd &gt; Pb for children through the ingestion route. In light of this, the current study assists in identifying the dangers linked to HMs contamination, advises routine monitoring and treatment before utilizing study area groundwater for drinking/irrigation purposes and provides a baseline data for addressing study area’s environmental challenges.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Hydrogeochemical Appraisal, Quality Assessment, Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment in Groundwater of Hindon River Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

查看全文
  • Bhanu Pratap Singh,
  • Moharana Choudhury,
  • Palas Samanta,
  • Piyush Gupta

摘要

The study examined seasonal groundwater quality of the Hindon River basin, a major tributary of river Yamuna. Groundwater samples (180) were collected in summer, monsoon and winter of 2022. Piper’s trilinear diagram depicted that groundwater geochemistry is controlled by Ca-Mg-HCO3, mixed Ca + Mg—Cl + SO4, and CaCl2 types water. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Gibb’s plotting revealed that variability of parameters has been attributed to both natural/geogenic and human-induced factors. Water Quality Index (WQI) results showed that groundwater is unfit for human consumption. Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) indicates that only 28 percent samples are fit for human consumption throughout all seasons. HPI demonstrated a significant degree of heavy metals (HMs) toxicity in the study area. Over all seasons, the mean values for the degree of contamination (Cd) are 6.58, 5.49, and 6.42, indicating moderate contamination (6–12) in summer and winter and lower in Monsoon (< 6). Seasonal averages for Ecological Risk Index (ERI) showed moderate HM pollution, averaging 51.91, 41.67, and 46.98 for summer, monsoon and winter, respectively. Wilcox diagram, combined with other indices, demonstrated that most samples are deemed fit for irrigation purposes. Hazard Index (HI) was < 1 for adults but exceeded 1 for children (Hazard Quotient (HQ) order Cr > Zn > Cd > Mn > Pb > Cu > Fe), according to human health risk assessment (HHRA). This situation suggested that water was unsafe to drink and would be harmful to kids. Notably, Cr posed carcinogenic hazards (CR > 10–4), with a risk order of Cr > Cd > Pb for children through the ingestion route. In light of this, the current study assists in identifying the dangers linked to HMs contamination, advises routine monitoring and treatment before utilizing study area groundwater for drinking/irrigation purposes and provides a baseline data for addressing study area’s environmental challenges.