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<p>Alluvial aquifers in arid deserts are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and extended droughts. One of the most common examples of highly vulnerable alluvial aquifers is the aquifer of Az-Zaymah valley northwestern Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. The aquifer suffers from lowering of the groundwater heads in response to over-pumping for irrigation, which led to a new pattern of cultivation favoring water-efficient crops and banning water-intensive crops. The significant lowering in the potentiometric heads in the basin calls for further investigations to better understand its groundwater dynamics. The present study applies integrated geoelectric resistivity sounding technique (10 VESs) and hydrological data to characterize the aquifer characteristics and dynamics. The results indicate that the subsurface lithological sequence can be described as: A surface layer of muddy wadi-fill deposits exhibits a resistivity of 6.8–1434.0 Ohm.m and varies in thickness from 3 to 14 m. The second layer is a water-bearing formation with resistivity between 53 and 283 Ohm.m and a thickness of 10 to 140 m. A third layer consists of fractured basement rocks with resistivity values of 390 to 811 Ohm.m and thickness ranging between 40 and 112 m. Finally, a fourth layer of compacted basement rocks shows resistivity between 6000 and 11,000 Ohm.m.</p>

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A Hydro-Geophysical Approach for Characterization of the Alluvial Aquifers in Northeastern Makkah, Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Essam Morsy,
  • Abdullah Othman

摘要

Alluvial aquifers in arid deserts are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and extended droughts. One of the most common examples of highly vulnerable alluvial aquifers is the aquifer of Az-Zaymah valley northwestern Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. The aquifer suffers from lowering of the groundwater heads in response to over-pumping for irrigation, which led to a new pattern of cultivation favoring water-efficient crops and banning water-intensive crops. The significant lowering in the potentiometric heads in the basin calls for further investigations to better understand its groundwater dynamics. The present study applies integrated geoelectric resistivity sounding technique (10 VESs) and hydrological data to characterize the aquifer characteristics and dynamics. The results indicate that the subsurface lithological sequence can be described as: A surface layer of muddy wadi-fill deposits exhibits a resistivity of 6.8–1434.0 Ohm.m and varies in thickness from 3 to 14 m. The second layer is a water-bearing formation with resistivity between 53 and 283 Ohm.m and a thickness of 10 to 140 m. A third layer consists of fractured basement rocks with resistivity values of 390 to 811 Ohm.m and thickness ranging between 40 and 112 m. Finally, a fourth layer of compacted basement rocks shows resistivity between 6000 and 11,000 Ohm.m.