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<p>This study comprehensively evaluates handpump-attached defluoridation units installed across the Nuapada district, Odisha, where Groundwater sources are significantly affected by elevated fluoride concentrations. Evaluation conducted across three blocks, Nuapada, Sinapalli, and Boden, revealed that several locations had raw water fluoride levels exceeding the permissible limit of 1.5&#xa0;mg/L, with maximum concentrations reaching up to 3.25&#xa0;mg/L. The performance of three major defluoridation technologies, adsorption, ion exchange, and precipitation-based systems, was compared. While ion exchange and adsorption-based units demonstrated higher fluoride removal efficiency, they were also associated with elevated pH and TDS levels in treated water due to improper regeneration and maintenance. Precipitation-based systems were found to be less efficient in fluoride removal. The study found that no single technology proved universally superior, and highlights that long-term performance largely depended on regular operation and maintenance by trained personnel. Community involvement, routine monitoring, and context-specific technology selection emerged as critical factors for sustainability. Training programs, standardised maintenance protocols, regular audits and integration of simple indicators to detect system failure are highly recommended. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach combining technical, managerial, and social strategies to ensure safe and sustainable drinking water access in fluoride-affected regions.</p>

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Handpump-Attached Fluoride Removal Units in Rural India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Riya Yadav,
  • Nidhi Sahu,
  • Kirti Virwani,
  • Neha Wachasunder,
  • Atul Maldhure,
  • Vilas Shinde,
  • Gajanan Kanade,
  • Pawan Labhasetwar

摘要

This study comprehensively evaluates handpump-attached defluoridation units installed across the Nuapada district, Odisha, where Groundwater sources are significantly affected by elevated fluoride concentrations. Evaluation conducted across three blocks, Nuapada, Sinapalli, and Boden, revealed that several locations had raw water fluoride levels exceeding the permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L, with maximum concentrations reaching up to 3.25 mg/L. The performance of three major defluoridation technologies, adsorption, ion exchange, and precipitation-based systems, was compared. While ion exchange and adsorption-based units demonstrated higher fluoride removal efficiency, they were also associated with elevated pH and TDS levels in treated water due to improper regeneration and maintenance. Precipitation-based systems were found to be less efficient in fluoride removal. The study found that no single technology proved universally superior, and highlights that long-term performance largely depended on regular operation and maintenance by trained personnel. Community involvement, routine monitoring, and context-specific technology selection emerged as critical factors for sustainability. Training programs, standardised maintenance protocols, regular audits and integration of simple indicators to detect system failure are highly recommended. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach combining technical, managerial, and social strategies to ensure safe and sustainable drinking water access in fluoride-affected regions.