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<p>In this study, a vertical flow <i>Typha angustifolia</i>-based constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) with graphite electrodes and gravel media was developed to treat chromium (Cr)-containing steel industry wastewater. The performance of the CW-MFC was compared to a similar constructed wetland (CW) with plants and media, as well as a control (C) that contained media. The maximum removal of Cr was found in CW-MFC, with 29.7–98% removal at concentrations of 5–30&#xa0;mg/l, compared to 15.7–93.9% removal in CW and 12.7–41.4% removal in C. Likewise, for pollutants like as COD, BOD, TSS, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P, the CW-MFC exhibited better performance, with removal rates varying from 47.03% to 75%, 55.56% to 75%, 62.16% to 90.28%, 18.64% to 67.36%, 45.45% to 96.67%, 53.6% to 85.61%, and 77.76% to 97.98%, respectively. An increase in Cr concentration resulted in a decrease in the treatment efficiency of all three systems. The integration of MFC with CW decreased the translocation of Cr in <i>T. angustifolia</i> of CW-MFC (shoots 0.12&#xa0;mg/g, roots 4.13&#xa0;mg/g) relative to CW (shoots 0.18&#xa0;mg/g, roots 1.04&#xa0;mg/g). This led to enhanced plant health, with plants in CW-MFC exhibiting 58.8% more chlorophyll content and 4.1 times increased biomass relative to plants in CW. The voltage produced in the CW-MFC varied between 5 and 12.4&#xa0;mV, exhibiting a decreasing trend with increasing HRT and Cr content. Therefore, the study concludes that, in comparison to traditional sustainable systems, CW-MFC is a better sustainable industrial effluent treatment technique.</p>

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A Novel Typha-Based Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell (VFCW-MFC) for Chromium Removal from Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月22日

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  • Palindhi Verma,
  • Dipak Rajgor,
  • Sanak Ray

摘要

In this study, a vertical flow Typha angustifolia-based constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) with graphite electrodes and gravel media was developed to treat chromium (Cr)-containing steel industry wastewater. The performance of the CW-MFC was compared to a similar constructed wetland (CW) with plants and media, as well as a control (C) that contained media. The maximum removal of Cr was found in CW-MFC, with 29.7–98% removal at concentrations of 5–30 mg/l, compared to 15.7–93.9% removal in CW and 12.7–41.4% removal in C. Likewise, for pollutants like as COD, BOD, TSS, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, NH4+-N, and PO43−-P, the CW-MFC exhibited better performance, with removal rates varying from 47.03% to 75%, 55.56% to 75%, 62.16% to 90.28%, 18.64% to 67.36%, 45.45% to 96.67%, 53.6% to 85.61%, and 77.76% to 97.98%, respectively. An increase in Cr concentration resulted in a decrease in the treatment efficiency of all three systems. The integration of MFC with CW decreased the translocation of Cr in T. angustifolia of CW-MFC (shoots 0.12 mg/g, roots 4.13 mg/g) relative to CW (shoots 0.18 mg/g, roots 1.04 mg/g). This led to enhanced plant health, with plants in CW-MFC exhibiting 58.8% more chlorophyll content and 4.1 times increased biomass relative to plants in CW. The voltage produced in the CW-MFC varied between 5 and 12.4 mV, exhibiting a decreasing trend with increasing HRT and Cr content. Therefore, the study concludes that, in comparison to traditional sustainable systems, CW-MFC is a better sustainable industrial effluent treatment technique.