<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic chemicals, being widely used since the 1940s in various consumer products. They raise serious concerns due to their persistence in the environment owing to the presence of strong carbon–fluorine bonds and potential threats to drinking water. Often referred to as “forever chemicals,” PFAS are persistent and can accumulate in both the human body and ecosystems, leading to harmful health effects. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and reduce PFAS levels to ensure safe drinking water. This review focuses on PFAS contamination, including its sources, classification, and environmental fate. It highlights the importance of understanding contamination pathways, such as industrial discharges, runoff from PFAS-containing products, landfill leachate, and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The review also examines various detection methods, emphasizing advanced techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Additionally, it considers the advantages of portable analyzers and biosensors for rapid, on-site detection. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed evaluation of various remediation technologies, including activated carbon filtration, ion exchange resins, membrane filtration (such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and bioremediation. Additionally, the article addresses the limitations of current identification and remediation techniques while recognizing ongoing advancements. A forward-looking analysis highlights emerging technologies and research gaps that can advance efforts to manage PFAS contamination. This review will be a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and water quality experts addressing the challenges of PFAS pollution in water systems.</p>