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<p>Solar stills are a promising solution for addressing water scarcity in remote areas of drought. This study introduces a set of enhancements to the modified spherical solar still with a circular absorber plate (MSSS-CAP) to improve its efficiency<b>.</b> A vertical basin was substituted for the horizontal one, a painted black basin, and wicks were placed on either side; these were the main modifications. Further productivity enhancement was achieved by integrating a single-axis solar tracking system (MSSS-TCAP) that rotates 15–18° per hour, maximizing solar radiation capture on the vertical basin. Additionally, reflective rear mirrors with MSSS-TCAP were employed to boost energy absorption further. Experimental tests conducted in Baghdad, Iraq, demonstrated significant performance improvements. When the solar tracking system was added, the vertical basin and wicks raised productivity by 52%, yielding 4242&#xa0;ml/m<sup>2</sup>.day. Productivity then rose by 101%, reaching 5620&#xa0;ml/m<sup>2</sup>∙day. Adding an elliptical rear reflector resulted in the maximum productivity, 6170&#xa0;ml/m<sup>2</sup>.day—a 130% increase over the traditional still. With production costs of CSSS, MSSS-CAP, MSSS-TCAP, and MSSS-TCAP-RR at $0.026, $0.017, $0.013, and $0.012 per liter, respectively, an economic study revealed that the payback period for the modified still was 4&#xa0;months, compared to 6&#xa0;months for the conventional design. High levels of dissolved solids were reduced to an acceptable level of approximately 500&#xa0;ppm.</p>

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Performance, Exergy, and Economic Analysis of Enhanced Spherical Solar Still with Vertical Wick Absorber, Solar Tracking, and Rear Reflector

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Faiz T. Jodah,
  • Wissam H. Alawee,
  • Hayder A. Dhahad,
  • Z. M. Omara

摘要

Solar stills are a promising solution for addressing water scarcity in remote areas of drought. This study introduces a set of enhancements to the modified spherical solar still with a circular absorber plate (MSSS-CAP) to improve its efficiency. A vertical basin was substituted for the horizontal one, a painted black basin, and wicks were placed on either side; these were the main modifications. Further productivity enhancement was achieved by integrating a single-axis solar tracking system (MSSS-TCAP) that rotates 15–18° per hour, maximizing solar radiation capture on the vertical basin. Additionally, reflective rear mirrors with MSSS-TCAP were employed to boost energy absorption further. Experimental tests conducted in Baghdad, Iraq, demonstrated significant performance improvements. When the solar tracking system was added, the vertical basin and wicks raised productivity by 52%, yielding 4242 ml/m2.day. Productivity then rose by 101%, reaching 5620 ml/m2∙day. Adding an elliptical rear reflector resulted in the maximum productivity, 6170 ml/m2.day—a 130% increase over the traditional still. With production costs of CSSS, MSSS-CAP, MSSS-TCAP, and MSSS-TCAP-RR at $0.026, $0.017, $0.013, and $0.012 per liter, respectively, an economic study revealed that the payback period for the modified still was 4 months, compared to 6 months for the conventional design. High levels of dissolved solids were reduced to an acceptable level of approximately 500 ppm.