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<p>Climate change and anthropogenic activities are the two primary drivers significantly influencing water resources in Afghanistan. This study aims to assess the current situations of water resources in Afghanistan and evaluate the key factors influencing them under rapid climate change conditions. To achieve these objectives, the study analyses satellite imageries and historical data on rainfall, groundwater levels, and rivers. The findings show that in recent years, Kabul city has witnessed significant population growth, followed by Kandahar, Mazar-e-Sharif, and Jalalabad. Historical data reveals that the annual precipitation across the country has substantially declined since 1960. Moreover, groundwater levels have shown a continuous decline in major cities such as Kabul, Farah, Kandahar, and Balkh. The significant groundwater-level decline has been observed in the Kabul urban aquifer, where groundwater levels have declined by 80&#xa0;m in a few areas. In contrast, areas such as Nangarhar city have undergone no significant changes in their groundwater levels. Regions like Kandahar have experienced a notable groundwater decline of up to 18.3&#xa0;m between 2019 and 2023. The study also examines the critical transboundary Hamun Hilmand Lake, which is highly vulnerable to climate change and at risk of drying. The findings highlight that climate change, along with anthropogenic activities, exacerbates the challenges of water resources management in Afghanistan.</p>

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Key Drivers Impacting Water Resources of Afghanistan Under Rapid Climate Change Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月16日

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  • Mohammad Tamim Ibrahimi,
  • Abdulhalim Zaryab,
  • Shakir Ali,
  • Mustafa Hasani

摘要

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are the two primary drivers significantly influencing water resources in Afghanistan. This study aims to assess the current situations of water resources in Afghanistan and evaluate the key factors influencing them under rapid climate change conditions. To achieve these objectives, the study analyses satellite imageries and historical data on rainfall, groundwater levels, and rivers. The findings show that in recent years, Kabul city has witnessed significant population growth, followed by Kandahar, Mazar-e-Sharif, and Jalalabad. Historical data reveals that the annual precipitation across the country has substantially declined since 1960. Moreover, groundwater levels have shown a continuous decline in major cities such as Kabul, Farah, Kandahar, and Balkh. The significant groundwater-level decline has been observed in the Kabul urban aquifer, where groundwater levels have declined by 80 m in a few areas. In contrast, areas such as Nangarhar city have undergone no significant changes in their groundwater levels. Regions like Kandahar have experienced a notable groundwater decline of up to 18.3 m between 2019 and 2023. The study also examines the critical transboundary Hamun Hilmand Lake, which is highly vulnerable to climate change and at risk of drying. The findings highlight that climate change, along with anthropogenic activities, exacerbates the challenges of water resources management in Afghanistan.