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<p>Over-fertilization and over-irrigation are critical issues in modern agriculture, leading to nutrient leaching, soil degradation, groundwater contamination, and reduced crop productivity. These practices also contribute to environmental problems such as eutrophication and soil salinization. This study presents an Automatic Irrigation and Fertilization System (AIFS) designed for smart greenhouse cultivation. The system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, automated control units, and real-time environmental data analytics to optimize water and nutrient delivery. Experimental evaluation of the AIFS demonstrates significant improvements in resource efficiency, including a reduction in water wastage from 45 to 5%, an increase in irrigation efficiency from 55 to 95%, and a decrease in fertilizer wastage from 60 to 15%. Nutrient uptake improved from 40 to 85%, while labor costs and energy consumption were reduced by 87.5% and 66.67%, respectively. The results confirm that AIFS enhances crop yield, promotes sustainability, and reduces operational costs. The system is scalable and adaptable for diverse crop types and suitable for deployment in commercial greenhouse operations.</p>

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Development of an Intelligent Greenhouse Management System for Water and Nutrient Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Siddartha Marka,
  • Kumar Dorthi,
  • Navadeep Palasa,
  • Ravi Kanth Kotha

摘要

Over-fertilization and over-irrigation are critical issues in modern agriculture, leading to nutrient leaching, soil degradation, groundwater contamination, and reduced crop productivity. These practices also contribute to environmental problems such as eutrophication and soil salinization. This study presents an Automatic Irrigation and Fertilization System (AIFS) designed for smart greenhouse cultivation. The system integrates Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, automated control units, and real-time environmental data analytics to optimize water and nutrient delivery. Experimental evaluation of the AIFS demonstrates significant improvements in resource efficiency, including a reduction in water wastage from 45 to 5%, an increase in irrigation efficiency from 55 to 95%, and a decrease in fertilizer wastage from 60 to 15%. Nutrient uptake improved from 40 to 85%, while labor costs and energy consumption were reduced by 87.5% and 66.67%, respectively. The results confirm that AIFS enhances crop yield, promotes sustainability, and reduces operational costs. The system is scalable and adaptable for diverse crop types and suitable for deployment in commercial greenhouse operations.