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<p>The wastewater treatment process has evolved to produce not only clean effluent but also valuable sludge that can be repurposed as a resource. The technologies and management strategies implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) significantly influence their effectiveness in achieving various objectives, including nutrient removal, contaminant degradation, and energy recovery. In order to achieve the optimal environmental performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) offers a powerful tool. This holistic approach to evaluating environmental performance is crucial in addressing the multifaceted challenges of wastewater management. Despite the potential of LCA in evaluating the environmental performance of WWTPs, the inherent spatial and temporal variability of the wastewater treatment process presents significant challenges for this analysis. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the Ekbatan Wastewater Treatment Plant (EWWTP), which utilizes Activated Sludge with Two-Stage Aeration (A<sub>2</sub>O), and the Zargandeh Wastewater Treatment Plant (ZWWTP), which employs Contact Stabilization (CS) technology. Using the ReCiPe method, the findings indicate that the ZWWTP outperformed the EWWTP across all assessed impact categories, particularly in climate change, fossil depletion, freshwater eutrophication, and human toxicity. The results highlight the adverse effects of electricity consumption, effluent discharge, and the entry of pollutants into the soil on human health, underscoring the critical role of treatment technologies in mitigating these impacts. This study emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive environmental impact evaluations and advocates for the incorporation of sustainable practices in wastewater management to optimize resource recovery and minimize ecological harm. Future research should focus on quantifying long-term toxicity effects, carbon sequestration potential, and nutrient recovery strategies to align wastewater management practices with sustainability objectives.</p>

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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Two Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Case Study for Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Saeedeh Shoaeeposhteh,
  • Freydoon Vafaie

摘要

The wastewater treatment process has evolved to produce not only clean effluent but also valuable sludge that can be repurposed as a resource. The technologies and management strategies implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) significantly influence their effectiveness in achieving various objectives, including nutrient removal, contaminant degradation, and energy recovery. In order to achieve the optimal environmental performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) offers a powerful tool. This holistic approach to evaluating environmental performance is crucial in addressing the multifaceted challenges of wastewater management. Despite the potential of LCA in evaluating the environmental performance of WWTPs, the inherent spatial and temporal variability of the wastewater treatment process presents significant challenges for this analysis. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the Ekbatan Wastewater Treatment Plant (EWWTP), which utilizes Activated Sludge with Two-Stage Aeration (A2O), and the Zargandeh Wastewater Treatment Plant (ZWWTP), which employs Contact Stabilization (CS) technology. Using the ReCiPe method, the findings indicate that the ZWWTP outperformed the EWWTP across all assessed impact categories, particularly in climate change, fossil depletion, freshwater eutrophication, and human toxicity. The results highlight the adverse effects of electricity consumption, effluent discharge, and the entry of pollutants into the soil on human health, underscoring the critical role of treatment technologies in mitigating these impacts. This study emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive environmental impact evaluations and advocates for the incorporation of sustainable practices in wastewater management to optimize resource recovery and minimize ecological harm. Future research should focus on quantifying long-term toxicity effects, carbon sequestration potential, and nutrient recovery strategies to align wastewater management practices with sustainability objectives.