Sustainable Solar Thermal-Driven and Hydrophobic Membrane Type Freshwater Extraction System from Wastewater: Performance and Feasibility Analyses
摘要
This numerical research presents a sustainable system for freshwater extraction from wastewater, utilizing a solar thermal-driven membrane process powered by solar energy. The efficiency of the newly proposed system is evaluated by developing a thermal model and solving it through a finite difference approach. Individually validated the condenser and humidifier against applicable data from published studies referenced as needed, and the maximum possible error is estimated at ± 10% and ± 12%, respectively. Analysis of various input parameters such as ambient air temperature, solar outlet water temperature, relative humidity, air flow rate, and sea/river/dams water temperature alongside the performance evaluation. The membrane energy exchange (MEE), water condenser energy exchange (WCEE), and water extraction rate (WER) of the proposed novel system were evaluated using the developed model. The parametric analysis revealed that the solar outlet water temperature significantly impacts the performance of the novel systems. Moreover, performance assessments show that the system benefits from lower water temperatures at seawater/rivers/dams, a more effective water condenser, and a higher flow rate. Further analysis of the effectiveness of the condenser, the ratio of fluid flow, and the dam water temperature indicates a more achievable water condenser energy exchange (WCEE) and water extraction rate (WER) of 1.37 kW/m2 and 1.445 L/h.m2, respectively. The evaluation determined that the proposed sustainable system is ideally suited for hot and dry climates, with a potential WCEE and WER of up to 0.78 kW/m2 and 0.75 L/h.m2 based on the system’s specifications and operating parameters. Additionally, an assessment was conducted to determine that the performance parameters are a critical factor influencing the performance of the novel system for hot and dry regions. The current study provides insights into solar potential hotspots for wastewater recovery across different climatic conditions.