<p>Lithium contamination in industrial wastewater poses a significant threat to the environment, as well as to human health, plants, and animals. As a potentially toxic element, lithium (Li) requires effective removal methods. In this study, the electrocoagulation (EC) technique was employed to remove Li from battery factory effluent. The process was optimized using Taguchi design, which considered the effects of four critical factors: pH levels (5, 8, 12), current density (CD) (5, 10, 20 mA/cm²), processing time (15, 30 min), and electrode type (aluminum and iron) on Li removal efficiency. In most experiments, Li removal efficiency at pH = 5 was lower than at pH = 8 and pH = 12. Additionally, the Li removal efficiency using an aluminum electrode was significantly better than that using an iron electrode. The analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio indicated that pH = 8, CD = 20 mA/cm², time = 30 min, and Al electrode were optimal conditions for achieving the highest Li removal efficiency of 99.19%. Calculation of energy and electrode consumption indicated that, in order to achieve sufficient Li concentration in wastewater for its discharge into nature (e.g., surface water and agricultural use), the conditions pH = 8, CD = 20 mA/cm², time = 15 min, and Al electrode are more suitable. In these conditions, the removal efficiency was 97.86%. The energy and electrode consumption were 0.276 kWh/g Li and 0.1275 g, respectively.</p>