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<p>This study investigates an integrated photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system designed to address water scarcity in arid regions, with a focus on Iran. The research aims to optimize freshwater production and energy efficiency through the integration of solar energy harvesting with desalination technology. A comprehensive numerical model was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics, which incorporates heat transfer, fluid flow, and mass transport phenomena. The Nelder–Mead optimization algorithm was utilized to maximize system performance. Key operating parameters, such as inlet water temperature, solar irradiance, and flow rates, were analyzed to assess their impact on efficiency. The optimized system achieved a 33.33% improvement in overall efficiency (from 45 to 60%) and a 40% increase in freshwater production (from 50 to 70 L/day). An optimal feed water temperature of 46 °C was identified for the desalination unit, which balances thermal gain and efficiency. The study revealed that PV/T panel efficiency decreases by 0.55% for every 1 °C increase above 64.3 °C, emphasizing the importance of temperature control in system design and operation.</p>

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Multi-objective Optimization and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Thermal Photovoltaic and Membrane-based Reverse Osmosis Desalination System for Efficient Renewable-powered Water Production in Arid Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Mojtaba Babaelahi,
  • Alireza Shadin

摘要

This study investigates an integrated photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system designed to address water scarcity in arid regions, with a focus on Iran. The research aims to optimize freshwater production and energy efficiency through the integration of solar energy harvesting with desalination technology. A comprehensive numerical model was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics, which incorporates heat transfer, fluid flow, and mass transport phenomena. The Nelder–Mead optimization algorithm was utilized to maximize system performance. Key operating parameters, such as inlet water temperature, solar irradiance, and flow rates, were analyzed to assess their impact on efficiency. The optimized system achieved a 33.33% improvement in overall efficiency (from 45 to 60%) and a 40% increase in freshwater production (from 50 to 70 L/day). An optimal feed water temperature of 46 °C was identified for the desalination unit, which balances thermal gain and efficiency. The study revealed that PV/T panel efficiency decreases by 0.55% for every 1 °C increase above 64.3 °C, emphasizing the importance of temperature control in system design and operation.