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<p>The surface level variations of crop field's microtopography is one of the factors that affect soil water retaining capacity and water productivity. The present study was carried out to understand the effects of spatial variability of field microtopography on crop yield, soil water, and water productivity in the Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) production system under rainfed conditions. Crop field/land unevenness was assessed using the leveling index (LI). In addition, we proposed another approach, namely the standard elevation index (SEI) to assess the crop field’s unevenness. The effects of LI and SEI on crop parameters were assessed using generalized additive models (GAMs) with Gaussian distribution. SEI exhibited significant effects on crop yield and water productivity at a significance level of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41101_2025_345_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="70" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\le 0.001\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.001</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, whereas LI had no significant impact on these parameters. Additionally, soil water variability had a non-significant effect on the crop parameters within the study area. However, higher crop yield and water productivity were observed when soil water content ranged from 25 to 30%. Further, the results revealed that a better crop yield and water productivity can be achieved at lower LI (&lt; 4) and SEI within the range of -1.0 to 0.5. Considerable effects of spatial variability of field microtopography were not observed on canopy height under rainfed conditions. However, crop production and water productivity under rainfed conditions could be enhanced by modifying the existing field to a nearly flat or leveled field. Furthermore, this study will provide insight into the utility of GAMs in modeling agronomical parameters.</p>

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Assessing the Effects of Spatial Variability of Field Microtopography on Crop Yield, Soil Water, and Water Productivity Under Rainfed Sorghum Production System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

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  • Mallappa Jadiyappa Madolli,
  • Parasappa Shetteppa Kanannavar,
  • Nobin Chandra Paul,
  • Shubham Anil Gade,
  • Avishek Datta,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu

摘要

The surface level variations of crop field's microtopography is one of the factors that affect soil water retaining capacity and water productivity. The present study was carried out to understand the effects of spatial variability of field microtopography on crop yield, soil water, and water productivity in the Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production system under rainfed conditions. Crop field/land unevenness was assessed using the leveling index (LI). In addition, we proposed another approach, namely the standard elevation index (SEI) to assess the crop field’s unevenness. The effects of LI and SEI on crop parameters were assessed using generalized additive models (GAMs) with Gaussian distribution. SEI exhibited significant effects on crop yield and water productivity at a significance level of \(p\le 0.001\) p ≤ 0.001 , whereas LI had no significant impact on these parameters. Additionally, soil water variability had a non-significant effect on the crop parameters within the study area. However, higher crop yield and water productivity were observed when soil water content ranged from 25 to 30%. Further, the results revealed that a better crop yield and water productivity can be achieved at lower LI (< 4) and SEI within the range of -1.0 to 0.5. Considerable effects of spatial variability of field microtopography were not observed on canopy height under rainfed conditions. However, crop production and water productivity under rainfed conditions could be enhanced by modifying the existing field to a nearly flat or leveled field. Furthermore, this study will provide insight into the utility of GAMs in modeling agronomical parameters.