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<p>India faces a significant challenge in managing its groundwater resources, with 80% of annual withdrawals primarily for agriculture. This paper focuses on the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) canal command area, a crucial agricultural region, relying on both surface (canal) and groundwater for irrigation, especially for <i>boro</i> paddy during the dry season. Using the FAO’s CropWat 8.0 model, the study estimates irrigation water requirements and proposes strategies to optimize water usage. The analysis reveals a stark disparity between irrigation demand and actual canal water supply, leading to significant reliance on groundwater. Precise estimation of irrigation needs and efficient scheduling are urgently needed to reduce pressure on groundwater resources. The study uses comprehensive data analysis and modeling, considering climatic conditions, crop characteristics, soil types, and irrigation methods. The CropWat 8.0 model, using the Penman–Monteith equation endorsed by FAO, estimates evapotranspiration and irrigation needs. Challenges in the DVC canal command area include poor irrigation efficiency, inadequate water supply, and excessive groundwater use. Solutions proposed include improved canal maintenance, water-saving practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and policy measures to encourage efficient water use. The study finds 41% and 85% groundwater irrigation share which require to withdrawal 32,708 ham and 268,033 ham groundwater in the irrigable and total command areas, respectively, for the 2021–22 <i>boro</i> season. This outcome highlights the need for scientific irrigation management to ensure water sustainability and agricultural productivity. Implementing these strategies can enhance water use efficiency, systematic watering, mitigate groundwater depletion, and promote sustainable agriculture in the DVC area and similar regions across India. This study serves as a blueprint for policymakers, irrigation authorities, and farmers to collaborate on evidence-based strategies for optimizing water use and ensuring food security in water-stressed regions.</p>

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Estimation of Surface–Subsurface Irrigation Water Use and Scheduling for Sustainable Boro Paddy Cultivation under Canal Command Area of Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月28日

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  • Geetika Ganguly,
  • Namita Chakma

摘要

India faces a significant challenge in managing its groundwater resources, with 80% of annual withdrawals primarily for agriculture. This paper focuses on the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) canal command area, a crucial agricultural region, relying on both surface (canal) and groundwater for irrigation, especially for boro paddy during the dry season. Using the FAO’s CropWat 8.0 model, the study estimates irrigation water requirements and proposes strategies to optimize water usage. The analysis reveals a stark disparity between irrigation demand and actual canal water supply, leading to significant reliance on groundwater. Precise estimation of irrigation needs and efficient scheduling are urgently needed to reduce pressure on groundwater resources. The study uses comprehensive data analysis and modeling, considering climatic conditions, crop characteristics, soil types, and irrigation methods. The CropWat 8.0 model, using the Penman–Monteith equation endorsed by FAO, estimates evapotranspiration and irrigation needs. Challenges in the DVC canal command area include poor irrigation efficiency, inadequate water supply, and excessive groundwater use. Solutions proposed include improved canal maintenance, water-saving practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), and policy measures to encourage efficient water use. The study finds 41% and 85% groundwater irrigation share which require to withdrawal 32,708 ham and 268,033 ham groundwater in the irrigable and total command areas, respectively, for the 2021–22 boro season. This outcome highlights the need for scientific irrigation management to ensure water sustainability and agricultural productivity. Implementing these strategies can enhance water use efficiency, systematic watering, mitigate groundwater depletion, and promote sustainable agriculture in the DVC area and similar regions across India. This study serves as a blueprint for policymakers, irrigation authorities, and farmers to collaborate on evidence-based strategies for optimizing water use and ensuring food security in water-stressed regions.