Functionalized Cellulose for Textile Organic Pollutant Treatment: a Comprehensive Review

Most textile dyes are organic pollutants. Textile dyeing processes generate significant amounts of wastewater, often containing harmful and persistent dyes that severely affect the aquatic environment and can impact on human health. It is essential to remove these toxic textile dyes from wastewater to mitigate the detrimental effects of dye pollution. This review paper examines the literature on cellulose-based functionalized materials (cellulose fibers, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose layered double hydroxide, cellulose-based hydrogels, and cellulose-based composites) and methods (membrane, photocatalytic, flocculation, and adsorption) for textile organic pollutant treatment. The review focuses on various strategies for modifying cellulose materials to enhance their dye-cleaning efficiencies, such as chemical modification, physical treatments, and the incorporation of functional groups. This article draws out the mechanisms of dye wastewater cleaning and factors that influence the cleaning efficiency, including pH, contact time, and dye concentration, to achieve maximum dye removal efficiency and unravels the current limitations and future scopes of cellulose-based material for wastewater treatment.