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<p>The volumetric instability and lower strength of expansive soil (ES) pose significant damage to the engineering structures when used as a foundation or fill material. For effective utilization, ES is prevailingly stabilized with cement and lime additives. However, the alarming environmental impacts of these stabilizers elicited researchers to work on eco-friendly binders. Alkali-activated binders, commonly known as geopolymers, have emerged as environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional stabilizers such as cement and lime. In this study, ES is stabilized with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) based geopolymer. Various GGBFS contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20% are mixed with the ES and activated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Laboratory investigation is carried out to assess change in both index and engineering properties. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the plasticity index from 85.9% to approximately 3% and in the free swell index from 204% to about 6%, accompanied by a substantial increase in UCS from 280 to 3510&#xa0;kPa. The optimum dosage was found to be 20% GGBFS activated with 8&#xa0;M NaOH, considering both performance and efficiency.The calcium and sodium-based reaction phases are the main formed reaction phases over the curing period. The reaction phases primarily contribute to denser microstructure, resulting in a better strength gain in the stabilized soil.</p>

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Influence of GGBFS and alkali activator concentration on the geoengineering behavior of geopolymer-stabilized expansive soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Murapaka Swamynaidu,
  • S. Eswara Rao,
  • Suresh Prasad Singh

摘要

The volumetric instability and lower strength of expansive soil (ES) pose significant damage to the engineering structures when used as a foundation or fill material. For effective utilization, ES is prevailingly stabilized with cement and lime additives. However, the alarming environmental impacts of these stabilizers elicited researchers to work on eco-friendly binders. Alkali-activated binders, commonly known as geopolymers, have emerged as environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional stabilizers such as cement and lime. In this study, ES is stabilized with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) based geopolymer. Various GGBFS contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20% are mixed with the ES and activated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Laboratory investigation is carried out to assess change in both index and engineering properties. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the plasticity index from 85.9% to approximately 3% and in the free swell index from 204% to about 6%, accompanied by a substantial increase in UCS from 280 to 3510 kPa. The optimum dosage was found to be 20% GGBFS activated with 8 M NaOH, considering both performance and efficiency.The calcium and sodium-based reaction phases are the main formed reaction phases over the curing period. The reaction phases primarily contribute to denser microstructure, resulting in a better strength gain in the stabilized soil.