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<p>The depletion of natural sand and environmental concerns associated with excessive soil mining necessitate sustainable alternatives for backfill in Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls. This study evaluates the feasibility of using Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) combined with locally available marginal soil as layered hybrid backfill system. CDW blends comprising crushed concrete (CC), crushed mortar (CM), and crushed brick (CB) were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to investigate microstructural features and mineralogical composition. The results indicate dominance of stable oxides such as SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (≈ 70–80%), suggesting chemical stability, while iron content varied between 4.42 and 10.55%, influencing durability and corrosion susceptibility. Geotechnical properties were determined using Indian Standard (IS) heavy compaction, direct shear, and falling head permeability tests. CDW sample-1 exhibited the highest dry density, shear strength, and permeability. CDW Sample-1 was selected as the optimum blend based on its combined superior density, shear strength, and permeability characteristics. The novelty of study lies in integrating microstructural characterization, geotechnical testing, and hydro-mechanical numerical modelling to evaluate an alternate layered hybrid backfill system comprising only CDW and marginal soil under fluctuating groundwater conditions. PLAXIS 2D analysis of a 6&#xa0;m high MSE wall under fluctuating water table conditions demonstrated that alternating 0.25&#xa0;m compacted layers of CDW sample-1 and marginal soil improved Factor of safety (FOS) by 4–6% and reduced horizontal displacement by up to 40% compared to marginal soil alone, indicating a sustainable backfill alternative.</p>

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Microstructural evaluation and geotechnical behaviour of combined construction and demolition waste with marginal soil as backfill in MSE walls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Durgesh Prashad,
  • Kumar Shubham,
  • Subhadeep Metya,
  • Rakesh Pratap Singh

摘要

The depletion of natural sand and environmental concerns associated with excessive soil mining necessitate sustainable alternatives for backfill in Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls. This study evaluates the feasibility of using Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) combined with locally available marginal soil as layered hybrid backfill system. CDW blends comprising crushed concrete (CC), crushed mortar (CM), and crushed brick (CB) were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to investigate microstructural features and mineralogical composition. The results indicate dominance of stable oxides such as SiO2 and Al2O3 (≈ 70–80%), suggesting chemical stability, while iron content varied between 4.42 and 10.55%, influencing durability and corrosion susceptibility. Geotechnical properties were determined using Indian Standard (IS) heavy compaction, direct shear, and falling head permeability tests. CDW sample-1 exhibited the highest dry density, shear strength, and permeability. CDW Sample-1 was selected as the optimum blend based on its combined superior density, shear strength, and permeability characteristics. The novelty of study lies in integrating microstructural characterization, geotechnical testing, and hydro-mechanical numerical modelling to evaluate an alternate layered hybrid backfill system comprising only CDW and marginal soil under fluctuating groundwater conditions. PLAXIS 2D analysis of a 6 m high MSE wall under fluctuating water table conditions demonstrated that alternating 0.25 m compacted layers of CDW sample-1 and marginal soil improved Factor of safety (FOS) by 4–6% and reduced horizontal displacement by up to 40% compared to marginal soil alone, indicating a sustainable backfill alternative.