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<p>Urban decentralization in developing countries such as India has produced complex traffic conditions on suburban arterial roads due to mixed vehicle types and unregulated roadside activities. This study examines the combined effects of roadside friction and mixed traffic composition on traffic performance along four suburban corridors in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. Traffic data were collected through continuous field videography and analysed across different time periods. A Roadside Friction Index (RSFI) was developed to quantify the cumulative impact of pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles, street vendors, and parked vehicles based on their position and spatial extent along the roadway. Traffic behaviour was modelled using speed density flow relationships based on the Del Castillo formulation, chosen for its ability to represent nonlinear traffic dynamics. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of varying RSFI levels and traffic composition on flow conditions. The results indicate that, within the observed study corridors, traffic operation became severely constrained when RSFI exceeded about 120 and density exceeded about 160 pcu/km, under which stream speeds were observed to approach nearly 10&#xa0;km/h during congested periods. Pedestrians and slow-moving vehicles were the primary contributors, accounting for more than 60 per cent of total roadside friction, while vehicle composition produced comparatively smaller variations within the bounded scenario conditions examined in this study. Free flow speeds ranged between 35 and 40&#xa0;km per hour, with reductions exceeding 50% under high friction and high-density conditions. The findings indicate that roadside friction substantially alters suburban traffic performance, especially under higher density conditions, and demonstrate that a friction-sensitive modelling framework can improve the interpretation of speed-density behaviour in mixed-traffic suburban corridors.</p>

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Sensitivity of side-friction and traffic compositions on traffic flow models: an exploratory study on suburban arterials of Kolkata metropolis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Sabyasachi Mondal,
  • Pankaj Kumar,
  • Indranil Mandal,
  • Pritam Saha,
  • Soumen Mitra

摘要

Urban decentralization in developing countries such as India has produced complex traffic conditions on suburban arterial roads due to mixed vehicle types and unregulated roadside activities. This study examines the combined effects of roadside friction and mixed traffic composition on traffic performance along four suburban corridors in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. Traffic data were collected through continuous field videography and analysed across different time periods. A Roadside Friction Index (RSFI) was developed to quantify the cumulative impact of pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles, street vendors, and parked vehicles based on their position and spatial extent along the roadway. Traffic behaviour was modelled using speed density flow relationships based on the Del Castillo formulation, chosen for its ability to represent nonlinear traffic dynamics. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of varying RSFI levels and traffic composition on flow conditions. The results indicate that, within the observed study corridors, traffic operation became severely constrained when RSFI exceeded about 120 and density exceeded about 160 pcu/km, under which stream speeds were observed to approach nearly 10 km/h during congested periods. Pedestrians and slow-moving vehicles were the primary contributors, accounting for more than 60 per cent of total roadside friction, while vehicle composition produced comparatively smaller variations within the bounded scenario conditions examined in this study. Free flow speeds ranged between 35 and 40 km per hour, with reductions exceeding 50% under high friction and high-density conditions. The findings indicate that roadside friction substantially alters suburban traffic performance, especially under higher density conditions, and demonstrate that a friction-sensitive modelling framework can improve the interpretation of speed-density behaviour in mixed-traffic suburban corridors.