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<p>Karewa soils, extensively distributed across the Himalayan region are characterized by low shear strength, high compressibility and increased sensitivity to moisture fluctuations. Conventional stabilization approaches, such as cement stabilization and fiber reinforcement are associated with inherent limitations, including brittle behavior and limited strength enhancement, respectively. This study addresses these limitations through a sustainable hybrid stabilization approach incorporating brick kiln dust (BKD), cement and glass fibers (GF) on silt dominated Karewa soil. An optimized composite mix comprising 52% soil, 40% BKD, 8% cement and 0.8% GF was investigated. A comprehensive experimental program was carried out, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, one-dimensional consolidation tests and consolidated–undrained (CU) triaxial tests under confining pressures of 150 kPa, 300 kPa and 450 kPa. The results demonstrate significant improvement in mechanical performance, with UCS increasing from 143 kPa for untreated soil to 2314 kPa after 28 days of curing. The inclusion of GF enhanced ductility by increasing failure strain, while compressibility characteristics reduced significantly, with compression and recompression indices decreasing by 67% and 90%, respectively. CU triaxial tests revealed substantial increases in the deviator stress, accompanied by a behavioral transition of soil from contractive to partially dilative response. Overall, the findings demonstrate that BKD-based hybrid stabilization offers a robust and environmentally sustainable solution for enhancing the geomechanical performance of Karewa soils.</p>

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Strength and compressibility behavior of Karewa soil stabilized with an optimized mix of brick kiln dust, cement and glass fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Mohammad Iqbal Mirza,
  • Bashir Ahmed Mir

摘要

Karewa soils, extensively distributed across the Himalayan region are characterized by low shear strength, high compressibility and increased sensitivity to moisture fluctuations. Conventional stabilization approaches, such as cement stabilization and fiber reinforcement are associated with inherent limitations, including brittle behavior and limited strength enhancement, respectively. This study addresses these limitations through a sustainable hybrid stabilization approach incorporating brick kiln dust (BKD), cement and glass fibers (GF) on silt dominated Karewa soil. An optimized composite mix comprising 52% soil, 40% BKD, 8% cement and 0.8% GF was investigated. A comprehensive experimental program was carried out, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, one-dimensional consolidation tests and consolidated–undrained (CU) triaxial tests under confining pressures of 150 kPa, 300 kPa and 450 kPa. The results demonstrate significant improvement in mechanical performance, with UCS increasing from 143 kPa for untreated soil to 2314 kPa after 28 days of curing. The inclusion of GF enhanced ductility by increasing failure strain, while compressibility characteristics reduced significantly, with compression and recompression indices decreasing by 67% and 90%, respectively. CU triaxial tests revealed substantial increases in the deviator stress, accompanied by a behavioral transition of soil from contractive to partially dilative response. Overall, the findings demonstrate that BKD-based hybrid stabilization offers a robust and environmentally sustainable solution for enhancing the geomechanical performance of Karewa soils.