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<p>The rising demand for concrete has accelerated the depletion of natural aggregates, while large quantities of fly ash generated from thermal power plants contribute to environmental pollution. At the same time, reducing cement consumption by producing lightweight and efficient concrete is essential for sustainable construction. Sintered fly ash low-density aggregates (SFLDA) offer a promising alternative for developing eco-friendly lightweight structural concrete; however, limited information is available on their use in different grades of structural concrete and durability performance. This study investigates the development of medium- to high-strength concrete using slag-based cement (PSC) and low dosages (0–0.05% by weight of cement) of graphene oxide (GO). Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and bond strength, were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 28, 91, and 181&#xa0;days. Durability characteristics such as water sorption, abrasion resistance, and acid resistance were also examined. The results show that incremental addition of GO at 0.01% intervals transformed base M25 concrete into progressively higher grades up to M55. GO incorporation significantly improved durability, with enhancements ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 times compared to the base mix. Microstructural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed matrix densification and improved homogeneity. Additionally, GO-modified SFLDA concrete demonstrated performance-based economic benefits of up to 9%. The study highlights GO-modified SFLDA concrete as a high-performance and sustainable material suitable for future structural applications.</p>

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Graphene oxide–modified fly ash pellet lightweight concrete: Microstructure–property relationships and transition to structural-grade performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Prasanna Kumar Rout,
  • Sneha Roy,
  • Prasanna Kumar Acharya

摘要

The rising demand for concrete has accelerated the depletion of natural aggregates, while large quantities of fly ash generated from thermal power plants contribute to environmental pollution. At the same time, reducing cement consumption by producing lightweight and efficient concrete is essential for sustainable construction. Sintered fly ash low-density aggregates (SFLDA) offer a promising alternative for developing eco-friendly lightweight structural concrete; however, limited information is available on their use in different grades of structural concrete and durability performance. This study investigates the development of medium- to high-strength concrete using slag-based cement (PSC) and low dosages (0–0.05% by weight of cement) of graphene oxide (GO). Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and bond strength, were evaluated at curing ages of 7, 28, 91, and 181 days. Durability characteristics such as water sorption, abrasion resistance, and acid resistance were also examined. The results show that incremental addition of GO at 0.01% intervals transformed base M25 concrete into progressively higher grades up to M55. GO incorporation significantly improved durability, with enhancements ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 times compared to the base mix. Microstructural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed matrix densification and improved homogeneity. Additionally, GO-modified SFLDA concrete demonstrated performance-based economic benefits of up to 9%. The study highlights GO-modified SFLDA concrete as a high-performance and sustainable material suitable for future structural applications.