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<p>Fired clay bricks are made from red clays calcined at high temperatures, producing strength phases that are generally based on mullite. It is known that the use of industrial waste in fired clay bricks promotes sustainability, affecting properties such as strength, water absorption and porosity. In addition, industrial waste can improve the acoustic insulation of the blocks, although little experimental research has been done on this property. This article studies the effect of different industrial wastes on the mechanical and acoustic properties of fired clay bricks. The research used kaolinitic clay and various industrial wastes (such as blast furnace mud, manure, sugar cane bagasse, among others) to produce fired clay bricks. Linear shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength, acoustic absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The specimens were pressed and calcined at 900&#xa0;°C, and compositions with 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% of industrial waste were studied. The results indicate that linear shrinkage increases with the industrial waste content which increases the plasticity of the clay masses and promotes greater elimination of free water. In addition, the water absorption results increased while the flexural strength results decreased with the use of industrial waste, indicating an increase in the porosity of the fired clay bricks, which was also confirmed by the SEM analysis. Notably, sugar cane bagasse, paper sludge, and wood sawdust exhibited the best acoustic performance, with sound absorption coefficients up to 0.4 at relevant frequencies, whereas blast furnace mud achieved the highest flexural strength of 4.67&#xa0;MPa in the 10% composition. In contrast, manure, laundry sludge, and sewage sludge resulted in high porosity and water absorption (up to 28.4%), but lower acoustic efficiency. Regarding the acoustic absorption properties, it was observed that the increase in porosity promoted by industrial waste did not necessarily translate into an increase in the sound absorption coefficient, since other important factors (incorporated air, thermal conductivity, porous tortuosity) also influence the acoustic behavior. Although manure was expected to perform better due to its higher porosity, this was not confirmed, and surprisingly, blast furnace mud exhibited acoustic performance similar to other wastes, highlighting the complex relationship between porosity and sound absorption and the need for further study.</p>

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Industrial waste for the production of fired clay bricks: an analysis of acoustic and mechanical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Geovana Carla Girondi Delaqua,
  • Jeiser Rendón Giraldo,
  • Markssuel Teixeira Marvila,
  • Henry Colorado,
  • Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira

摘要

Fired clay bricks are made from red clays calcined at high temperatures, producing strength phases that are generally based on mullite. It is known that the use of industrial waste in fired clay bricks promotes sustainability, affecting properties such as strength, water absorption and porosity. In addition, industrial waste can improve the acoustic insulation of the blocks, although little experimental research has been done on this property. This article studies the effect of different industrial wastes on the mechanical and acoustic properties of fired clay bricks. The research used kaolinitic clay and various industrial wastes (such as blast furnace mud, manure, sugar cane bagasse, among others) to produce fired clay bricks. Linear shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength, acoustic absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The specimens were pressed and calcined at 900 °C, and compositions with 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% of industrial waste were studied. The results indicate that linear shrinkage increases with the industrial waste content which increases the plasticity of the clay masses and promotes greater elimination of free water. In addition, the water absorption results increased while the flexural strength results decreased with the use of industrial waste, indicating an increase in the porosity of the fired clay bricks, which was also confirmed by the SEM analysis. Notably, sugar cane bagasse, paper sludge, and wood sawdust exhibited the best acoustic performance, with sound absorption coefficients up to 0.4 at relevant frequencies, whereas blast furnace mud achieved the highest flexural strength of 4.67 MPa in the 10% composition. In contrast, manure, laundry sludge, and sewage sludge resulted in high porosity and water absorption (up to 28.4%), but lower acoustic efficiency. Regarding the acoustic absorption properties, it was observed that the increase in porosity promoted by industrial waste did not necessarily translate into an increase in the sound absorption coefficient, since other important factors (incorporated air, thermal conductivity, porous tortuosity) also influence the acoustic behavior. Although manure was expected to perform better due to its higher porosity, this was not confirmed, and surprisingly, blast furnace mud exhibited acoustic performance similar to other wastes, highlighting the complex relationship between porosity and sound absorption and the need for further study.