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<p>Geopolymers have now made their way through as a low-carbon substitute for Portland cement with the increasing demand for construction materials that are both sustainable and thermally resilient. This research revolves around the fly ash–calcium carbide residue (FA–CCR) geopolymer composites and the attempts that are made to optimize their properties and performance comprehensively, i.e. mechanical, thermal, environmental, and economic ones, by applying an experimental and decision-making integrated framework. In total, ten different geopolymer mixes were formulated through CCR content from 0 to 20% and SS/SH ratios of 2.4 and 2.6 variations. The following parameters were assessed: compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, flowability, thermal resistance at 800&#xa0;°C, embodied CO₂ emissions, and cost-to-strength ratio. A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model was used to rank the mixes combining MOORA and VIKOR along with entropy weighting, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation as supportive methods. Throughout the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis, Mix M8 containing 10% CCR and an SS/SH ratio of 2.6 was always picked as the top formulation, giving a great deal of mechanical performance, thermal stability, cost, and environmental impact together. The medium quantity of CCR in the mix, namely 10%, made the concrete stronger and more heat resistant whereas the application of too much CCR exceeding 15% made the concrete weaker because of the higher number of pores. The sustainability of the GPC-based mortars was confirmed by the life cycle assessment and cost analysis.</p>

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Optimizing calcium carbide residue based geopolymer composite using multi-criteria decision-making approach with uncertainty quantification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Gaddam Kalpana,
  • Chappidi Hanumantha Rao,
  • Musa Adamu,
  • Ashwin Raut,
  • Yasser E. Ibrahim

摘要

Geopolymers have now made their way through as a low-carbon substitute for Portland cement with the increasing demand for construction materials that are both sustainable and thermally resilient. This research revolves around the fly ash–calcium carbide residue (FA–CCR) geopolymer composites and the attempts that are made to optimize their properties and performance comprehensively, i.e. mechanical, thermal, environmental, and economic ones, by applying an experimental and decision-making integrated framework. In total, ten different geopolymer mixes were formulated through CCR content from 0 to 20% and SS/SH ratios of 2.4 and 2.6 variations. The following parameters were assessed: compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, flowability, thermal resistance at 800 °C, embodied CO₂ emissions, and cost-to-strength ratio. A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model was used to rank the mixes combining MOORA and VIKOR along with entropy weighting, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation as supportive methods. Throughout the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis, Mix M8 containing 10% CCR and an SS/SH ratio of 2.6 was always picked as the top formulation, giving a great deal of mechanical performance, thermal stability, cost, and environmental impact together. The medium quantity of CCR in the mix, namely 10%, made the concrete stronger and more heat resistant whereas the application of too much CCR exceeding 15% made the concrete weaker because of the higher number of pores. The sustainability of the GPC-based mortars was confirmed by the life cycle assessment and cost analysis.