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<p>Elevated water tanks (EWTs) are regarded as an essential infrastructure, particularly in areas with significant seismic activity. To simplify the dynamic behavior of storage tanks, most international seismic codes disregard complex fluid–structure interactions, especially during variations in fill conditions. This research seeks to assess the precision and effectiveness of Eurocode 8, ACI 350.3-06, and ASCE 7-16 methodologies in forecasting the seismic response of EWTs under various filling situations. ANSYS Software is utilized to analyze finite element (FE) models of EWTs at different fill levels, considering the water sloshing effect to validate the procedures employed in these international codes of practice. A comprehensive time history analysis is conducted under seismic loads. The maximum shear force and bending moment at the tank’s base are analyzed under several scenarios. A laboratory experiment was performed to provide a more precise evaluation of the EWT frequencies via Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The findings indicated that the sloshing phenomenon on the water’s free surface is a pivotal element in tank research and design, and that current international standards may not provide accurate seismic response forecasts for EWTs, particularly under varying fill conditions.</p>

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Experimental and numerical seismic analysis of elevated water tanks using different international codes of practice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Atef Eraky,
  • Khaled Essam,
  • Abdallah Salama

摘要

Elevated water tanks (EWTs) are regarded as an essential infrastructure, particularly in areas with significant seismic activity. To simplify the dynamic behavior of storage tanks, most international seismic codes disregard complex fluid–structure interactions, especially during variations in fill conditions. This research seeks to assess the precision and effectiveness of Eurocode 8, ACI 350.3-06, and ASCE 7-16 methodologies in forecasting the seismic response of EWTs under various filling situations. ANSYS Software is utilized to analyze finite element (FE) models of EWTs at different fill levels, considering the water sloshing effect to validate the procedures employed in these international codes of practice. A comprehensive time history analysis is conducted under seismic loads. The maximum shear force and bending moment at the tank’s base are analyzed under several scenarios. A laboratory experiment was performed to provide a more precise evaluation of the EWT frequencies via Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The findings indicated that the sloshing phenomenon on the water’s free surface is a pivotal element in tank research and design, and that current international standards may not provide accurate seismic response forecasts for EWTs, particularly under varying fill conditions.