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<p>This study investigates the reuse of the fine fraction of construction and demolition (C&amp;D) waste as a sustainable alternative to natural sand in sand concrete, a fine-grained concrete in which aggregates consist exclusively of sand. This approach aims to improve resource efficiency while taking advantage of the benefits offered by this particular type of concrete. Five sand concrete mixtures were formulated incorporating C&amp;D waste aggregates as volumetric replacements for natural sand at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Their fresh and hardened properties were assessed, and microstructural observations were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the mix with 25% C&amp;D waste aggregates demonstrated mechanical characteristics close to those of the control mix, achieving 41.1&#xa0;MPa in compressive strength, 3.3&#xa0;MPa in split tensile strength, and 28.5 GPa in elastic modulus at 28&#xa0;days. Although the mechanical properties gradually declined with increasing C&amp;D waste content, all values remained within acceptable limits and complied with structural concrete specifications, even at a full replacement. SEM analysis revealed a more porous interfacial zone around recycled aggregates, indicating reduced adhesion caused by the presence of residual mortar adhering to their surfaces. To better interpret this loss of bonding, the LCPC model was applied to predict compressive strength and investigate the factors governing mechanical degradation. The model confirmed that the adhesion quality between C&amp;D waste particles and the hydrated cement paste was negatively affected by the residual mortar, leading to weaker interfacial bonding. Moreover, based on the intrinsic parameters of C&amp;D waste identified through the model, the compressive strength of any C&amp;D waste-based sand concrete mixture can be reliably predicted.</p>

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Characterization and modeling of green sand concrete incorporating C&D waste as aggregates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Rabeb Cherif,
  • Amal Bousleh,
  • Saloua El Euch Khay

摘要

This study investigates the reuse of the fine fraction of construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a sustainable alternative to natural sand in sand concrete, a fine-grained concrete in which aggregates consist exclusively of sand. This approach aims to improve resource efficiency while taking advantage of the benefits offered by this particular type of concrete. Five sand concrete mixtures were formulated incorporating C&D waste aggregates as volumetric replacements for natural sand at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Their fresh and hardened properties were assessed, and microstructural observations were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the mix with 25% C&D waste aggregates demonstrated mechanical characteristics close to those of the control mix, achieving 41.1 MPa in compressive strength, 3.3 MPa in split tensile strength, and 28.5 GPa in elastic modulus at 28 days. Although the mechanical properties gradually declined with increasing C&D waste content, all values remained within acceptable limits and complied with structural concrete specifications, even at a full replacement. SEM analysis revealed a more porous interfacial zone around recycled aggregates, indicating reduced adhesion caused by the presence of residual mortar adhering to their surfaces. To better interpret this loss of bonding, the LCPC model was applied to predict compressive strength and investigate the factors governing mechanical degradation. The model confirmed that the adhesion quality between C&D waste particles and the hydrated cement paste was negatively affected by the residual mortar, leading to weaker interfacial bonding. Moreover, based on the intrinsic parameters of C&D waste identified through the model, the compressive strength of any C&D waste-based sand concrete mixture can be reliably predicted.