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<p>While geopolymers have garnered a lot of interest due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and sustainability properties, little is known about their potential as fire-resistant retrofit materials for aging infrastructure. The benefits of geopolymers, such as their high compressive strength, optimized microstructure, and thermal stability, are highlighted in existing research; however, there are not many evaluations that concentrate on how they might be used to prevent fire threats in older structures. This research aims to assess several geopolymer combinations for improving fire resistance in aging concrete structures, given the rising fire hazards in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings globally and the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 9 on resilient infrastructure. Key findings show that high-calcium fly ash geopolymers with mullite and zeolite enhance structural integrity at high temperatures, whereas fly ash-based mortars with slag replacement show compressive strength beyond 100&#xa0;MPa and retain up to 90% residual strength at 1000°C. Although post-fire residual strength can be impacted by additive type and curing conditions, rubberized and prepackaged aggregate geopolymers show improved resilience to cracking and deformation. Real-world deployment depends on practical issues, including optimizing mix designs, managing curing conditions, and guaranteeing consistent post-fire load-bearing capacity. Overall, this research highlights the potential of geopolymers as sustainable fire-retardant materials for upgrading aging infrastructures, but it also emphasizes the necessity of performance verification and strategic mix design to guarantee structural lifespan and safety.</p>

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Sustainable retrofitting solutions: enhancing fire resistance of aging structures with geopolymer mixtures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Stephanie Yen Nee Kew,
  • Jacob Lok Guan Lim

摘要

While geopolymers have garnered a lot of interest due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and sustainability properties, little is known about their potential as fire-resistant retrofit materials for aging infrastructure. The benefits of geopolymers, such as their high compressive strength, optimized microstructure, and thermal stability, are highlighted in existing research; however, there are not many evaluations that concentrate on how they might be used to prevent fire threats in older structures. This research aims to assess several geopolymer combinations for improving fire resistance in aging concrete structures, given the rising fire hazards in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings globally and the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 9 on resilient infrastructure. Key findings show that high-calcium fly ash geopolymers with mullite and zeolite enhance structural integrity at high temperatures, whereas fly ash-based mortars with slag replacement show compressive strength beyond 100 MPa and retain up to 90% residual strength at 1000°C. Although post-fire residual strength can be impacted by additive type and curing conditions, rubberized and prepackaged aggregate geopolymers show improved resilience to cracking and deformation. Real-world deployment depends on practical issues, including optimizing mix designs, managing curing conditions, and guaranteeing consistent post-fire load-bearing capacity. Overall, this research highlights the potential of geopolymers as sustainable fire-retardant materials for upgrading aging infrastructures, but it also emphasizes the necessity of performance verification and strategic mix design to guarantee structural lifespan and safety.