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<p>The growing emphasis on low-carbon and environmentally responsible construction has intensified the search for bio-based building materials capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining adequate functional performance. Among these materials, hempcrete has emerged as a promising bio-composite derived from industrial hemp, valued for its rapid growth, low embodied energy, and potential for biogenic carbon storage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on hempcrete, with particular focus on its production processes, mixture design parameters, and application potential in sustainable construction. The influence of density, binder type, hemp-to-binder ratio, compaction method, and curing conditions on mechanical and thermal performance is critically examined. Various construction techniques, including cast-in-place, sprayed, and prefabricated systems, are compared in terms of their mechanical efficiency, hygrothermal behaviour, and environmental performance. The review further discusses recent advances involving hydraulic and alternative low-carbon binders, fibre reinforcement strategies, and microstructural optimization aimed at improving mechanical resistance and durability. Particular attention is given to the variability of reported mechanical properties and to the ongoing debates surrounding the carbon balance of hempcrete, highlighting the strong dependence of life-cycle assessment outcomes on methodological assumptions and contextual factors. An integrated and critical perspective is provided by clarifying the sources of mechanical performance variability, contextualising hempcrete’s carbon balance, and positioning the material within the broader landscape of bio-based construction solutions. Unlike previous review studies that primarily address isolated aspects of hempcrete, this work provides a unified and critical framework linking mechanical variability, environmental performance, and material comparison, thereby addressing key gaps that have not been systematically analysed in the existing literature. Finally, emerging trends in standardization, long-term field monitoring, and the integration of digital tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and additive manufacturing are examined, underlining the potential and current limitations of hempcrete as a component of low-carbon and sustainable construction systems.</p>

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Advancements in hempcrete as a bioresource-based material for sustainable and low-carbon construction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Nisrine Berdai,
  • Jamila Elhaini,
  • Hassane Moustabchir

摘要

The growing emphasis on low-carbon and environmentally responsible construction has intensified the search for bio-based building materials capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining adequate functional performance. Among these materials, hempcrete has emerged as a promising bio-composite derived from industrial hemp, valued for its rapid growth, low embodied energy, and potential for biogenic carbon storage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on hempcrete, with particular focus on its production processes, mixture design parameters, and application potential in sustainable construction. The influence of density, binder type, hemp-to-binder ratio, compaction method, and curing conditions on mechanical and thermal performance is critically examined. Various construction techniques, including cast-in-place, sprayed, and prefabricated systems, are compared in terms of their mechanical efficiency, hygrothermal behaviour, and environmental performance. The review further discusses recent advances involving hydraulic and alternative low-carbon binders, fibre reinforcement strategies, and microstructural optimization aimed at improving mechanical resistance and durability. Particular attention is given to the variability of reported mechanical properties and to the ongoing debates surrounding the carbon balance of hempcrete, highlighting the strong dependence of life-cycle assessment outcomes on methodological assumptions and contextual factors. An integrated and critical perspective is provided by clarifying the sources of mechanical performance variability, contextualising hempcrete’s carbon balance, and positioning the material within the broader landscape of bio-based construction solutions. Unlike previous review studies that primarily address isolated aspects of hempcrete, this work provides a unified and critical framework linking mechanical variability, environmental performance, and material comparison, thereby addressing key gaps that have not been systematically analysed in the existing literature. Finally, emerging trends in standardization, long-term field monitoring, and the integration of digital tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and additive manufacturing are examined, underlining the potential and current limitations of hempcrete as a component of low-carbon and sustainable construction systems.