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<p>In the present work, a steel I-section member has been considered to represent compact plate girders of bridges. The damages are introduced in test members to simulate cracks and corrosion-induced deterioration in in-situ steel plate girders. Numerical models have been developed based on undamaged and damaged parameters. The variations in vibration-based characteristics, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, have been investigated for damage detection as well as damage localization. Experimental and numerical results exhibited close alignment in frequency values across different damage levels, particularly noticeable as damage extended from the web to the flange. The correlation between finite element data, manual calculation, and experimental results was satisfactory. Flange-induced damage consistently led to frequency reduction, especially in higher modes, although second-mode sensitivity was less pronounced at the flange center. Damage located in the web showed almost no change (&lt; 1%) in the modal frequencies, whereas flange damage led to reductions of approximately 4–6% in the third mode and up to 7–9% at higher damage levels. Minimal reduction in natural frequency due to web damage contrasted with significant reductions from flange damage, emphasizing the insufficiency of natural frequency alone for damage localization. Interpretation across all modes was essential for accurate damage location prediction. Notably, substantial frequency reductions in the first and third flexural modes in vertical planes, with minor changes in the second mode, indicated damage near the mid-span, while damage located at one-third span exhibited more significant reductions in the first and second modes. Proximity to support or span center significantly influenced dynamic properties, with frequency reduction amplifying in higher modes, highlighting the necessity of considering multiple modal responses for precise damage assessment; even the location of sensors plays a vital role in the localization of the damage. This study is focused on the extrapolation of the theoretical formulation presented in the paper to real-world problems in railway steel bridges.</p>

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Experimental and numerical investigation of damage effects in steel girders based on modal frequencies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Shrirang Dharmaji Kamble,
  • Abhay. N. Bambole

摘要

In the present work, a steel I-section member has been considered to represent compact plate girders of bridges. The damages are introduced in test members to simulate cracks and corrosion-induced deterioration in in-situ steel plate girders. Numerical models have been developed based on undamaged and damaged parameters. The variations in vibration-based characteristics, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, have been investigated for damage detection as well as damage localization. Experimental and numerical results exhibited close alignment in frequency values across different damage levels, particularly noticeable as damage extended from the web to the flange. The correlation between finite element data, manual calculation, and experimental results was satisfactory. Flange-induced damage consistently led to frequency reduction, especially in higher modes, although second-mode sensitivity was less pronounced at the flange center. Damage located in the web showed almost no change (< 1%) in the modal frequencies, whereas flange damage led to reductions of approximately 4–6% in the third mode and up to 7–9% at higher damage levels. Minimal reduction in natural frequency due to web damage contrasted with significant reductions from flange damage, emphasizing the insufficiency of natural frequency alone for damage localization. Interpretation across all modes was essential for accurate damage location prediction. Notably, substantial frequency reductions in the first and third flexural modes in vertical planes, with minor changes in the second mode, indicated damage near the mid-span, while damage located at one-third span exhibited more significant reductions in the first and second modes. Proximity to support or span center significantly influenced dynamic properties, with frequency reduction amplifying in higher modes, highlighting the necessity of considering multiple modal responses for precise damage assessment; even the location of sensors plays a vital role in the localization of the damage. This study is focused on the extrapolation of the theoretical formulation presented in the paper to real-world problems in railway steel bridges.