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<p>Most of the existing codes do not provide exact equations to determine the required fire coating thickness of members of steel structures. As such coating thickness design for hollow and concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns is usually performed by using the tables provided by manufacturers of these coatings based on a limited number of laboratory tests on structural members without mechanical loading. These tables consider three parameters: (1) the required fire-resistance rating, (2) section factor (ratio of perimeter to the cross-sectional area), and (3) column critical design temperature. However, there is still a need to quantify the requirements for fire protection coating thickness of hollow steel tubes and CFST columns based on effective parameters. In this research individual columns with different cross-sections are considered, and the effects of various parameters, including expected fire resistance rating, Demand to Capacity Ratio (DCR) of the element due to initial loads at ambient temperature, support conditions, and column section size are numerically investigated in ABAQUS software under standard fire. The results prove that filling a steel tube column with plain concrete significantly decreases the required coating thickness and increases the steel column failure time by reducing the temperature rise rate due to heat absorption of the concrete core and increasing the column’s compressive strength. In CFST columns when the DCR is less than 50%, the DCR does not significantly affect the column failure time; but in columns with higher DCRs, this parameter affects the column failure time. Based on the results of analyzed models, three equations are provided to determine the failure time of the protected CFST and hollow steel tube columns with intumescent coating under fire effects. The results demonstrate that the empirically proposed thicknesses are highly conservative, especially for CFST columns, and the proposed equations can result in a more accurate and optimal design of the required fire insulation coating thickness.</p>

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Parametric formulae for optimal design of required intumescent coating thickness for hollow and concrete filled steel tube columns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Mahsa Chaboki,
  • Ali Akbar Aghakouchak

摘要

Most of the existing codes do not provide exact equations to determine the required fire coating thickness of members of steel structures. As such coating thickness design for hollow and concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns is usually performed by using the tables provided by manufacturers of these coatings based on a limited number of laboratory tests on structural members without mechanical loading. These tables consider three parameters: (1) the required fire-resistance rating, (2) section factor (ratio of perimeter to the cross-sectional area), and (3) column critical design temperature. However, there is still a need to quantify the requirements for fire protection coating thickness of hollow steel tubes and CFST columns based on effective parameters. In this research individual columns with different cross-sections are considered, and the effects of various parameters, including expected fire resistance rating, Demand to Capacity Ratio (DCR) of the element due to initial loads at ambient temperature, support conditions, and column section size are numerically investigated in ABAQUS software under standard fire. The results prove that filling a steel tube column with plain concrete significantly decreases the required coating thickness and increases the steel column failure time by reducing the temperature rise rate due to heat absorption of the concrete core and increasing the column’s compressive strength. In CFST columns when the DCR is less than 50%, the DCR does not significantly affect the column failure time; but in columns with higher DCRs, this parameter affects the column failure time. Based on the results of analyzed models, three equations are provided to determine the failure time of the protected CFST and hollow steel tube columns with intumescent coating under fire effects. The results demonstrate that the empirically proposed thicknesses are highly conservative, especially for CFST columns, and the proposed equations can result in a more accurate and optimal design of the required fire insulation coating thickness.