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<p>Improving road safety is a crucial global concern since crashes pose a significant risk to human lives. In this context, Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) have gained attention as they enable safety evaluation without relying solely on crash data. This study presents a systematic review of surrogate safety measure applications specifically at unsignalized intersections, addressing a gap in existing reviews that largely focus on general roadway environments. The study further examines differences in methodological approaches between developed and developing countries to highlight context-specific research trends and gaps. The literature review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines so that there was clear insight into the article selection process. The relevant literature sources included Google Scholar, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, and SAGE Publication. The articles investigated belonged to top-ranking scientific sources and were published between 2000 and 2025, finally 47 articles were selected after rigorous reviewing. The review identified the type of SSMs utilized at unsignalized intersections and the parameters used for selecting the measures. Most of the literature used simple SSMs like Post Encroachment Time. However, current research indicates the need for the use of SSMs focused on level of severity if more comprehensive safety evaluation is required. Variations between the research domains of developed and developing nations are made clear. Also, the use of Extreme Value Theory in calculating the possibility of crashes in conditions of limited information is discussed. The review points out the gaps in literature and serves as a guide for the researcher and the practitioner on the application of SSMs at unsignalized intersections to ensure safety.</p>

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A systematic literature review on assessing safety at unsignalized intersections using surrogate safety measures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Anju Edamuriyil Chacko,
  • Nishant Mukund Pawar,
  • Munavar Fairooz Cheranchery

摘要

Improving road safety is a crucial global concern since crashes pose a significant risk to human lives. In this context, Surrogate Safety Measures (SSMs) have gained attention as they enable safety evaluation without relying solely on crash data. This study presents a systematic review of surrogate safety measure applications specifically at unsignalized intersections, addressing a gap in existing reviews that largely focus on general roadway environments. The study further examines differences in methodological approaches between developed and developing countries to highlight context-specific research trends and gaps. The literature review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines so that there was clear insight into the article selection process. The relevant literature sources included Google Scholar, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science, and SAGE Publication. The articles investigated belonged to top-ranking scientific sources and were published between 2000 and 2025, finally 47 articles were selected after rigorous reviewing. The review identified the type of SSMs utilized at unsignalized intersections and the parameters used for selecting the measures. Most of the literature used simple SSMs like Post Encroachment Time. However, current research indicates the need for the use of SSMs focused on level of severity if more comprehensive safety evaluation is required. Variations between the research domains of developed and developing nations are made clear. Also, the use of Extreme Value Theory in calculating the possibility of crashes in conditions of limited information is discussed. The review points out the gaps in literature and serves as a guide for the researcher and the practitioner on the application of SSMs at unsignalized intersections to ensure safety.