Integrating subjective–objective weighting with multi-criteria decision models for sustainable masonry material selection
摘要
Sustainable construction has emerged as a global focus, especially since the built environment accounts for nearly 40% of worldwide carbon emissions. Choosing the right building materials is essential for achieving low-carbon development and fulfilling COP28 commitments and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. While multi-criteria decision-making methods are widely used in construction research, many studies either focus on subjective expert-based weighting methods or rely solely on objective mathematical techniques, without effectively combining the two. This paper introduces a hybrid decision intelligence framework that merges subjective methods like the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy AHP with objective techniques such as Entropy and CRITIC weighting, further examined using two robust MCDM models, TOPSIS and Grey Relational Analysis. Primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire survey conducted with 40 engineers and project managers from public and private construction firms in Bengaluru, India. Six commonly used masonry materials were assessed based on criteria like bulk density, strength, water absorption, embodied energy, and cost. The study highlights that feature parameters such as embodied energy and cost plays a crucial role in the decision-making process. Further, it is well correlated as the findings reveal that stabilized mud blocks consistently receive the highest preferential ranking, especially when objective weights are applied, surpassing traditional burnt bricks and concrete blocks. This study bridges the gap between subjective judgments and objective evaluations in material selection, validates practitioner-driven sustainability assessments in developing economies, and offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to promote the use of sustainable masonry materials.