<p>Despite the critical importance of lifeline structures, such as Reinforced Concrete (RC) pipe racks, in petrochemical plants, there is a significant research gap in assessing their seismic vulnerability, particularly in regions like Pakistan, where seismic provisions were not historically integrated into design practices. Therefore, these structures can be highly vulnerable to Natural Hazards Triggering Technological Accidents (Na-Tech) events, which could result in severe loss of life and property, along with major impacts on Pakistan’s energy sector. The objectives of the current study are to assess the as-built condition of the existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) pipe-rack system, conduct a performance-based assessment to evaluate the structure’s seismic response, identify vulnerable points within the system, and recommend an appropriate retrofitting solution. The study employs linear static and nonlinear static (pushover) analyses, in accordance with various design codes and guidelines. Different engineering demand parameters (EDPs) are calculated against target displacements to assess the structural stability both locally and globally. These EDPs include fiber stress and strain analysis to examine failure at the local level, as well as inter-story drift and corresponding base shear, for the global level. Results illustrated that a few frames were deficient in strength at global and local levels and needed to be retrofitted.</p>