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<p>The rapid deterioration of concrete infrastructure due to cracking and environmental exposure has spurred significant research into innovative self-healing technologies. There are several traditional techniques to repair and amend the occurrence of damage using adhesive compounds, epoxy coatings, sealants, and polymers, but they are not economical and have a detrimental effect, prompting the development of self-healing concrete. This study explores the potential of bacterial-based self-healing concrete, enhanced by calcium-based precursors, to improve its mechanical, durability, and self-healing properties. The bacterial strain, identified as rod-shaped and gram-positive, with a cell concentration of 1.26 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL. In the current study, the nutrients implanted into the bio-concrete were a combination of calcium lactate (CL), calcium nitrate (CN), and calcium formate (CF)) at varied dosages with a constant dosage of 0.4% calcium chloride (CC) by weight of cement. Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength tests conducted at different curing periods revealed that combinations such as CF + CC-3 and CL + CC-1 resulted in superior strength properties compared with conventional M20-grade concrete. Among the combinations, CF + CC-3 exhibited the robust performance in strength gain. Additionally, maximum crack healing efficiency of 67% at 28 days and 100% at 90 days of water curing was attained with the CF + CC-3 specimen. Advanced microstructural analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) conducted for the optimized bacterial concrete specimens at 90 days, providing critical insights into the material’s behavior at the microscopic level. The findings provide a healthy foundation for the development of sustainable and durable self-healing concrete systems, offering solutions for extending the service life of concrete infrastructure. Recommendations are given for selecting the most suitable combination of nutrients.</p>

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Embedment of the combination of nutrients for evaluating the mechanical strength and microstructural properties of an aerobic non-ureolytic self-healing bacterial concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Gouthami Patnaik Palter,
  • Kanaka Durga Sambhana,
  • Potharaju Malasani,
  • Venkata Giridhar Poosarla,
  • Chandan Kumar Patnaikuni

摘要

The rapid deterioration of concrete infrastructure due to cracking and environmental exposure has spurred significant research into innovative self-healing technologies. There are several traditional techniques to repair and amend the occurrence of damage using adhesive compounds, epoxy coatings, sealants, and polymers, but they are not economical and have a detrimental effect, prompting the development of self-healing concrete. This study explores the potential of bacterial-based self-healing concrete, enhanced by calcium-based precursors, to improve its mechanical, durability, and self-healing properties. The bacterial strain, identified as rod-shaped and gram-positive, with a cell concentration of 1.26 × 106 cells/mL. In the current study, the nutrients implanted into the bio-concrete were a combination of calcium lactate (CL), calcium nitrate (CN), and calcium formate (CF)) at varied dosages with a constant dosage of 0.4% calcium chloride (CC) by weight of cement. Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength tests conducted at different curing periods revealed that combinations such as CF + CC-3 and CL + CC-1 resulted in superior strength properties compared with conventional M20-grade concrete. Among the combinations, CF + CC-3 exhibited the robust performance in strength gain. Additionally, maximum crack healing efficiency of 67% at 28 days and 100% at 90 days of water curing was attained with the CF + CC-3 specimen. Advanced microstructural analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) conducted for the optimized bacterial concrete specimens at 90 days, providing critical insights into the material’s behavior at the microscopic level. The findings provide a healthy foundation for the development of sustainable and durable self-healing concrete systems, offering solutions for extending the service life of concrete infrastructure. Recommendations are given for selecting the most suitable combination of nutrients.