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<p>Structural mortar, widely used in construction, faces environmental challenges due to the exploitation of natural resources, which has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives such as crushed recycled glass (CRG). Most previous studies focus on non-structural mortars or concretes, while this work specifically evaluates structural mortar (used in load-bearing masonry walls), where the mechanical and durability requirements are higher. Two common construction dosages 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 C:S (cement:sand) are analyzed, allowing a direct practical application in the industry. This study evaluates CRG as a replacement of fine aggregate (10–40%) in structural mortars for load-bearing masonry, analyzing two types according to Peruvian standard E.070: P1 with C:S dosage (1:3) for confined/ reinforced masonry and P2 with C:S dosage (1:4 and 1:5) for simple masonry. The results show that 20% CRG in 1:3 dosage optimizes the performance of the mortar, improving its mechanical and durability properties. This behavior is attributed to: the glass composition of CRG (SiO<sub>2</sub>, CaO, Na<sub>2</sub>O) that favors the formation of additional C–S–H gel during cement hydration, increasing mechanical strength; the angular geometry of the glass particles that improves compaction and adhesion at the aggregate-matrix interface; and the non-porous nature of CRG that reduces permeability, improving chemical resistance. Specifically, increases of 5.81% in compression, 10.11% in bending and 9.86% in tension were observed, due to the higher microstructural density achieved. Adhesion improved by 32.90% due to the surface roughness of the glass, while diagonal strength increased by 30.33%, crucial for seismic performance. Durability showed improvements of 3.14% for sulfate resistance and alkali-silica reactivity, attributable to the lower reactivity of the glass to chemical agents. These findings validate CRG as a sustainable material that, in addition to reducing waste, improves key properties for earthquake-resistant construction, meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study provides a technical basis for regulations that promote the use of environmentally friendly mortars in structural applications.</p>

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Structural mortar with crushed recycled glass (CRG) for load-bearing masonry: optimization of strength, bond and durability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Enders Rene Leon Alejandria,
  • Juan Martín García Chumacero,
  • Luis Mariano Villegas Granados

摘要

Structural mortar, widely used in construction, faces environmental challenges due to the exploitation of natural resources, which has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives such as crushed recycled glass (CRG). Most previous studies focus on non-structural mortars or concretes, while this work specifically evaluates structural mortar (used in load-bearing masonry walls), where the mechanical and durability requirements are higher. Two common construction dosages 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 C:S (cement:sand) are analyzed, allowing a direct practical application in the industry. This study evaluates CRG as a replacement of fine aggregate (10–40%) in structural mortars for load-bearing masonry, analyzing two types according to Peruvian standard E.070: P1 with C:S dosage (1:3) for confined/ reinforced masonry and P2 with C:S dosage (1:4 and 1:5) for simple masonry. The results show that 20% CRG in 1:3 dosage optimizes the performance of the mortar, improving its mechanical and durability properties. This behavior is attributed to: the glass composition of CRG (SiO2, CaO, Na2O) that favors the formation of additional C–S–H gel during cement hydration, increasing mechanical strength; the angular geometry of the glass particles that improves compaction and adhesion at the aggregate-matrix interface; and the non-porous nature of CRG that reduces permeability, improving chemical resistance. Specifically, increases of 5.81% in compression, 10.11% in bending and 9.86% in tension were observed, due to the higher microstructural density achieved. Adhesion improved by 32.90% due to the surface roughness of the glass, while diagonal strength increased by 30.33%, crucial for seismic performance. Durability showed improvements of 3.14% for sulfate resistance and alkali-silica reactivity, attributable to the lower reactivity of the glass to chemical agents. These findings validate CRG as a sustainable material that, in addition to reducing waste, improves key properties for earthquake-resistant construction, meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study provides a technical basis for regulations that promote the use of environmentally friendly mortars in structural applications.