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<p>Concrete remains one of the most widely utilized construction materials due to its versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its inherent brittleness and low tensile strength can compromise structural performance. This study investigates the flexural behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete beams incorporating sustainable engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) as replacement layers in beam tension zones. To enhance both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability, four sustainable ECC/EGC mixtures were developed using ceramic powder (CP), basalt powder (BP), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and metakaolin (MK) as partial cement substitutes. Eight beams (150 × 300 × 2000&#xa0;mm) were cast with ECC/EGC in tension zones and tested under four-point bending. Results demonstrated significant improvements in flexural strength, initial cracking load, stiffness, and ductility. Beams incorporating ECC or EGC made with CP exhibited increases of 7% or 14.5% in ultimate load, respectively, along with enhancements in ductility of 11.7% and 21%, respectively compared to the respective control beams. Using MK or CP in ECC beam showed improved ductility by 24% or 11.7%, respectively; while in EGC beam, using CP improved ductility by 21% over the control beam. In ECC beam, CP yielded the largest stiffness gains of 21%, followed by 11% for MK, and 6% for BP. In EGC beams, BP and MK outperformed CP, with stiffness gains of 10% and 9%, respectively. Furthermore, failure modes transitioned from predominantly flexural to combined flexural-shear patterns, depending on the mixture type. Finite element simulations conducted using ABAQUS software showed a strong correlation with the experimental outcomes, confirming the model’s validity. In a parametric study it was found that the structural performance improved with design modifications: increasing ECC layer thickness enhanced load capacity by 6.7%, thicker EGC layers raised ductility by 7.2%, and larger reinforcement (2Ø12 vs. 2Ø10) increased ultimate load by 6–8%, while omission of reinforcement drastically reduced capacity by 41–60%.This research underscores the potential of ECC/EGC in developing high-performance, sustainable concrete structures, with implications for advancing resilient and eco-conscious construction practices.</p>

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Performance of sustainable ECC and EGC in hybrid concrete beams: experimental evaluation and finite element validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Islam Ali Mahmoud,
  • Osama Youssf,
  • Ahmed Nabil

摘要

Concrete remains one of the most widely utilized construction materials due to its versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its inherent brittleness and low tensile strength can compromise structural performance. This study investigates the flexural behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete beams incorporating sustainable engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) as replacement layers in beam tension zones. To enhance both mechanical performance and environmental sustainability, four sustainable ECC/EGC mixtures were developed using ceramic powder (CP), basalt powder (BP), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and metakaolin (MK) as partial cement substitutes. Eight beams (150 × 300 × 2000 mm) were cast with ECC/EGC in tension zones and tested under four-point bending. Results demonstrated significant improvements in flexural strength, initial cracking load, stiffness, and ductility. Beams incorporating ECC or EGC made with CP exhibited increases of 7% or 14.5% in ultimate load, respectively, along with enhancements in ductility of 11.7% and 21%, respectively compared to the respective control beams. Using MK or CP in ECC beam showed improved ductility by 24% or 11.7%, respectively; while in EGC beam, using CP improved ductility by 21% over the control beam. In ECC beam, CP yielded the largest stiffness gains of 21%, followed by 11% for MK, and 6% for BP. In EGC beams, BP and MK outperformed CP, with stiffness gains of 10% and 9%, respectively. Furthermore, failure modes transitioned from predominantly flexural to combined flexural-shear patterns, depending on the mixture type. Finite element simulations conducted using ABAQUS software showed a strong correlation with the experimental outcomes, confirming the model’s validity. In a parametric study it was found that the structural performance improved with design modifications: increasing ECC layer thickness enhanced load capacity by 6.7%, thicker EGC layers raised ductility by 7.2%, and larger reinforcement (2Ø12 vs. 2Ø10) increased ultimate load by 6–8%, while omission of reinforcement drastically reduced capacity by 41–60%.This research underscores the potential of ECC/EGC in developing high-performance, sustainable concrete structures, with implications for advancing resilient and eco-conscious construction practices.