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<p>Researchers have suggested using coconut shell waste as a concrete ingredient because of its high strength, better modulus properties, high lignin content, low cellulose content, and non-biodegradable nature. However, a significant amount of this waste is produced by industries, and its proper eradication needs to be investigated. Reducing waste at the production level or using waste materials for constructive purposes are the two ways to solve the issue. Further, effective use of this waste will lead to the retention of natural resources and a reduction in the cost of construction material. To address this issue, coconut shells (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are used to produce sustainable concrete. Unlike previous studies that focused on using coconut shell or coconut shell ash independently, this work introduces their combined utilization as dual replacements for coarse aggregate and cement, further reinforced with steel fibers. Coarse aggregate and cement are each partially substituted by 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The findings showed that a 15% substitution of CSA and CS increased compressive strength by 2.48% after 7&#xa0;days, while a 2.81% rise occurred after 28&#xa0;days. The addition of steel fibers increased the equivalent compressive strength by 4.13% and 4.31%, respectively, after 7 and 28&#xa0;days. Similarly, for a 15% substitution of CS and CSA for 7 and 28&#xa0;days, respectively, the strength of splitting increases to 1.62% and 3.31%. Furthermore, adding steel fibers to the mix of 20% CS and CSA boosted this strength by 4.06% and 8.09%, respectively. The concrete became 17% reduction in density when the replacement was 20%. The findings of the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test showed that adding these two materials resulted in limited chloride ion penetration. This integrated approach not only enhances strength and durability but also reduces density, offering a novel pathway for sustainable concrete.</p>

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Utilization of coconut shell ash and coconut shell in the production of sustainable concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Siddesha Hanumanthappa,
  • Bharath T. K.,
  • Chethan Naik H. O.,
  • Vaishali Thimmayya,
  • Basavashree B. Hiremath,
  • V. Amruthavarshini

摘要

Researchers have suggested using coconut shell waste as a concrete ingredient because of its high strength, better modulus properties, high lignin content, low cellulose content, and non-biodegradable nature. However, a significant amount of this waste is produced by industries, and its proper eradication needs to be investigated. Reducing waste at the production level or using waste materials for constructive purposes are the two ways to solve the issue. Further, effective use of this waste will lead to the retention of natural resources and a reduction in the cost of construction material. To address this issue, coconut shells (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are used to produce sustainable concrete. Unlike previous studies that focused on using coconut shell or coconut shell ash independently, this work introduces their combined utilization as dual replacements for coarse aggregate and cement, further reinforced with steel fibers. Coarse aggregate and cement are each partially substituted by 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The findings showed that a 15% substitution of CSA and CS increased compressive strength by 2.48% after 7 days, while a 2.81% rise occurred after 28 days. The addition of steel fibers increased the equivalent compressive strength by 4.13% and 4.31%, respectively, after 7 and 28 days. Similarly, for a 15% substitution of CS and CSA for 7 and 28 days, respectively, the strength of splitting increases to 1.62% and 3.31%. Furthermore, adding steel fibers to the mix of 20% CS and CSA boosted this strength by 4.06% and 8.09%, respectively. The concrete became 17% reduction in density when the replacement was 20%. The findings of the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test showed that adding these two materials resulted in limited chloride ion penetration. This integrated approach not only enhances strength and durability but also reduces density, offering a novel pathway for sustainable concrete.