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<p>Managing stormwater effectively is essential for sustainable urban development, particularly in rapidly growing cities facing changing climate patterns. Sewer systems are designed to conserve water through separate or combined networks. Seasonal variations in sewage flow allow existing sewer systems to handle some stormwater without major modifications, while detention tanks help regulate peak flows by temporarily storing and gradually releasing excess water. This study proposes a smart cost-efficient approach to stormwater management by optimizing the use of combined sewer networks and surface runoff pathways, avoiding the need for significant pipe expansion or increased pressure on sewer pumping stations during winter. Hence, this study recommends using surface runoff for non-sag areas and utilizing detention tanks or surface routes for excess stormwater. Accordingly, rainwater inflow should be balanced with the sewer system’s maximum summer capacity.to handle peak summer flows. This study examines Alexandria and Cairo, analyzing dry and wet weather flows for various land uses, population density, topography, and catchment sizes using numerical model in Excel. Results indicate that for catchments larger than 100 feddan, dry weather flow exceeds wet weather flow by up to 45%, whereas in smaller catchments, particularly in luxurious areas, wet weather flow can exceed dry weather flow by 40%. Designing sewer networks to handle both peak storm flow and domestic sewage may lower construction and operational costs. Thus, it is recommended to apply surface runoff technique for green built areas. Future studies could explore smart monitoring for stormwater flow, assess long-term system efficiency, and examine policy challenges for real-world implementation.</p>

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Hybrid storm water management for water conservation in cities nearby surface water streams

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Nahla Hazem,
  • Ayman Mohamed Mostafa,
  • Sherine Ahmed El Baradei

摘要

Managing stormwater effectively is essential for sustainable urban development, particularly in rapidly growing cities facing changing climate patterns. Sewer systems are designed to conserve water through separate or combined networks. Seasonal variations in sewage flow allow existing sewer systems to handle some stormwater without major modifications, while detention tanks help regulate peak flows by temporarily storing and gradually releasing excess water. This study proposes a smart cost-efficient approach to stormwater management by optimizing the use of combined sewer networks and surface runoff pathways, avoiding the need for significant pipe expansion or increased pressure on sewer pumping stations during winter. Hence, this study recommends using surface runoff for non-sag areas and utilizing detention tanks or surface routes for excess stormwater. Accordingly, rainwater inflow should be balanced with the sewer system’s maximum summer capacity.to handle peak summer flows. This study examines Alexandria and Cairo, analyzing dry and wet weather flows for various land uses, population density, topography, and catchment sizes using numerical model in Excel. Results indicate that for catchments larger than 100 feddan, dry weather flow exceeds wet weather flow by up to 45%, whereas in smaller catchments, particularly in luxurious areas, wet weather flow can exceed dry weather flow by 40%. Designing sewer networks to handle both peak storm flow and domestic sewage may lower construction and operational costs. Thus, it is recommended to apply surface runoff technique for green built areas. Future studies could explore smart monitoring for stormwater flow, assess long-term system efficiency, and examine policy challenges for real-world implementation.