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<p>Human activities often generate solid wastes such as plastics and rice husks wastes. Disposal of these wastes is usually a problem. The aim of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly ceramic floor tiles by incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic waste as partial replacements for traditional raw material (clay) and as binding agent, respectively. The research aimed to provide a sustainable alternative in tile production by reusing common wastes while maintaining acceptable mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of the tiles produced from traditional materials. Clay, RHA, and plastic wastes were mixed in varying ratios, and their combined effects on tile properties were analyzed. The investigation focused on identifying the optimal material blend and understanding how each component influences the resulting tile’s performance (properties). A number of tests were conducted, including mechanical tests such as flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity analysis, water absorption rate test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimal formulation of clay: plastic: RHA demonstrated good performance, with a density of 333.33&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the best flexural strength and compressive strength, low thermal conductivity of 0.5014&#xa0;W/mK, and minimal water absorption. TGA and DTG curves showed the RHA’s exceptional thermal stability, particularly between 550℃and 750℃, confirming its suitability for high-temperature applications. SEM micrographs revealed moderate porosity with minimal intergranular voids, correlating with good mechanical properties. Furthermore, XRD patterns confirmed the formation of stable crystalline phases such as quartz, essential for floor tile applications. The findings of this study affirms that combination of clay, plastic waste, and RHA can yield durable, thermally stable tiles. This research supports sustainable construction by reducing dependence on virgin materials such as clay while effectively managing waste streams.</p>

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Mechanical, thermal and microstructural characterization of ceramic floor tiles developed with plastic waste and rice husks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Vianney Andrew Yiga,
  • Yunusu Bwambale,
  • Michael Lubwama

摘要

Human activities often generate solid wastes such as plastics and rice husks wastes. Disposal of these wastes is usually a problem. The aim of this study was to develop an environmentally friendly ceramic floor tiles by incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic waste as partial replacements for traditional raw material (clay) and as binding agent, respectively. The research aimed to provide a sustainable alternative in tile production by reusing common wastes while maintaining acceptable mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of the tiles produced from traditional materials. Clay, RHA, and plastic wastes were mixed in varying ratios, and their combined effects on tile properties were analyzed. The investigation focused on identifying the optimal material blend and understanding how each component influences the resulting tile’s performance (properties). A number of tests were conducted, including mechanical tests such as flexural and compressive strength, thermal conductivity analysis, water absorption rate test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimal formulation of clay: plastic: RHA demonstrated good performance, with a density of 333.33 kg/m3, the best flexural strength and compressive strength, low thermal conductivity of 0.5014 W/mK, and minimal water absorption. TGA and DTG curves showed the RHA’s exceptional thermal stability, particularly between 550℃and 750℃, confirming its suitability for high-temperature applications. SEM micrographs revealed moderate porosity with minimal intergranular voids, correlating with good mechanical properties. Furthermore, XRD patterns confirmed the formation of stable crystalline phases such as quartz, essential for floor tile applications. The findings of this study affirms that combination of clay, plastic waste, and RHA can yield durable, thermally stable tiles. This research supports sustainable construction by reducing dependence on virgin materials such as clay while effectively managing waste streams.