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<p>This study investigates the mechanical behaviour and sustainability potential of geopolymer concrete (GPC) reinforced with human hair fibers, an underutilized organic waste material. The binder system employed Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) activated using a combination of sodium hydroxide (12&#xa0;M) and sodium silicate in a 1:2.5 ratio. Human hair fibers, standardized to 4–5&#xa0;cm length, were incorporated at varying percentages (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% by weight of GGBS). The effects on workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were examined under ambient curing conditions. The results revealed that fiber addition improved all strength parameters up to an optimal dosage of 2%. At this level, 28-day compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increased by 12.7%, 10.1%, and 31.3%, respectively, compared to the control mix. However, higher fiber contents led to reduced workability and strength, attributed to fiber clumping and poor dispersion. Polynomial regression models (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.95) were developed to predict strength trends beyond the tested range. While no durability tests were conducted in this study, future research is recommended to assess long-term performance. In terms of sustainability, the use of GGBS-based binders reduces the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 60–80% compared to OPC-based systems, according to prior literature. Repurposing human hair—of which over 6.5 million tons are discarded annually—offers a low-cost, biodegradable reinforcement pathway that aligns with circular economy principles. This work highlights the potential of human hair fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete in non-structural and low-load-bearing applications, contributing toward environmentally conscious material innovations in construction.</p>

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Mechanical behavior of geopolymer concrete reinforced with human hair fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Aditya Agrawal,
  • Narayan Malviya,
  • Kashfina Kapadia Memon

摘要

This study investigates the mechanical behaviour and sustainability potential of geopolymer concrete (GPC) reinforced with human hair fibers, an underutilized organic waste material. The binder system employed Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) activated using a combination of sodium hydroxide (12 M) and sodium silicate in a 1:2.5 ratio. Human hair fibers, standardized to 4–5 cm length, were incorporated at varying percentages (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% by weight of GGBS). The effects on workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were examined under ambient curing conditions. The results revealed that fiber addition improved all strength parameters up to an optimal dosage of 2%. At this level, 28-day compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increased by 12.7%, 10.1%, and 31.3%, respectively, compared to the control mix. However, higher fiber contents led to reduced workability and strength, attributed to fiber clumping and poor dispersion. Polynomial regression models (R2 > 0.95) were developed to predict strength trends beyond the tested range. While no durability tests were conducted in this study, future research is recommended to assess long-term performance. In terms of sustainability, the use of GGBS-based binders reduces the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 60–80% compared to OPC-based systems, according to prior literature. Repurposing human hair—of which over 6.5 million tons are discarded annually—offers a low-cost, biodegradable reinforcement pathway that aligns with circular economy principles. This work highlights the potential of human hair fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete in non-structural and low-load-bearing applications, contributing toward environmentally conscious material innovations in construction.