The sustainable relevance of modeling in water distribution system
摘要
Water distribution networks are one of the most important infrastructures that have close contact with human lifestyle. Nowadays, hydraulic modeling for these distribution networks has become an effective tool to help obtain a comprehensive and realistic view of the operation and identify the problems of the water distribution system. This study aims to employ hydraulic modeling using WaterGEMS software to create practical monitoring for the performance of the water distribution network of Tikrit City in Iraq. Data related to pipe length, diameter, elevation, and type were collected to be utilized for building the hydraulics model. Also, the water demand and flow pumping pattern were used to calibrate and validate the hydraulics model. The statistical parameters, coefficient of determination (R2) and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), were calculated, and the average value for R2 = 0.97 and NSE = 0.93. These values indicated that there is a great fitting between observed and simulated values for pressure and flow in the water network. The results of the analysis showed that 26% of the nodes in the network have pressures less than the required pressure (1.4 bar) during peak hourly demand in the city. At the same time, 77% of network distribution pipes had velocities less than 0.3 m/s, which is the minimum recommended velocity value for distribution pipes. This low pressure and velocity lead to an impact on the hydraulic performance of the network due to the sediment accumulation in the network, which could reduce the water quality and decrease water reaching customers in the city.