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<p>The rapid urbanization of mid-sized cities relying on informal modes of transit necessitates structured, sustainable, and resilient bus transit (BT) systems. This scoping review systematically categorizes and evaluates various analytical, mathematical programming, heuristic, metaheuristic, and hybrid approaches used to develop and optimize BT systems, aligning them with city complexity, computational resources, specific goals, and data availability. A systematic literature search in “Scopus,” “Web of Science,” “IEEE Xplore,” and “Google Scholar” identified 69 studies. These studies focused on developing and optimizing sustainable and resilient BT systems globally, including mid-sized cities transitioned from informal to formal modes of BT systems. Results indicate that 38% of studies utilized analytical methods, 17% employed mathematical programming, 15% applied metaheuristic techniques, 7% relied on heuristic strategies, while 23% implemented hybrid approaches. Heuristic approaches emerged as the most practical for mid-sized cities transitioning to formal BT networks due to their adaptability and lower computational resource requirements. A matrix was developed as a decision-making tool for transportation planners and other related agencies to select proper approaches based on 15 specified transit goals. These goals include enhancing accessibility, improving service efficiency, optimizing scheduling, integrating sustainable practices, and transitioning informal transit into structured BT systems. The findings highlight the importance of aligning approach selection with city-specific characteristics to ensure more sustainable and resilient BT systems that can be efficiently deployed in varying urban contexts. Exploring the effectiveness of methodologies on a micro-scale within approaches analyzed here could be an opportunity for future studies.</p>

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A scoping review on approaches for developing and optimizing sustainable and resilient bus transit systems of mid-sized cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Hasan Shahab,
  • Hemin Mohammed

摘要

The rapid urbanization of mid-sized cities relying on informal modes of transit necessitates structured, sustainable, and resilient bus transit (BT) systems. This scoping review systematically categorizes and evaluates various analytical, mathematical programming, heuristic, metaheuristic, and hybrid approaches used to develop and optimize BT systems, aligning them with city complexity, computational resources, specific goals, and data availability. A systematic literature search in “Scopus,” “Web of Science,” “IEEE Xplore,” and “Google Scholar” identified 69 studies. These studies focused on developing and optimizing sustainable and resilient BT systems globally, including mid-sized cities transitioned from informal to formal modes of BT systems. Results indicate that 38% of studies utilized analytical methods, 17% employed mathematical programming, 15% applied metaheuristic techniques, 7% relied on heuristic strategies, while 23% implemented hybrid approaches. Heuristic approaches emerged as the most practical for mid-sized cities transitioning to formal BT networks due to their adaptability and lower computational resource requirements. A matrix was developed as a decision-making tool for transportation planners and other related agencies to select proper approaches based on 15 specified transit goals. These goals include enhancing accessibility, improving service efficiency, optimizing scheduling, integrating sustainable practices, and transitioning informal transit into structured BT systems. The findings highlight the importance of aligning approach selection with city-specific characteristics to ensure more sustainable and resilient BT systems that can be efficiently deployed in varying urban contexts. Exploring the effectiveness of methodologies on a micro-scale within approaches analyzed here could be an opportunity for future studies.