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<p>In highway widening projects, differential settlement between old and new subgrades arises due to variations in soft soil consolidation, material properties, stress history, and additional loading conditions. Currently, differential settlement of subgrade is critical but under-analyzed in long-life pavement design. This study focused on the 40-year design service life and the freight-passenger separation traffic mode under the collaborative long-life requirements of new and old pavements, analyzing the differential settlement of subgrade in highway widening projects. By selecting the most unfavorable height conditions for differential settlement as representative cases, step schemes of 0.50&#xa0;m × 1.50&#xa0;m for the bilateral widening and 0.50&#xa0;m × 2.25&#xa0;m for the unilateral widening, along with a 14&#xa0;m pile reinforcement depth for both conditions, are recommended as mitigation strategies for differential settlement. The data and technology have passed the reliability verification in terms of correctness, applicability, environmental impact, and economic benefits. The settlement analysis results under long-life design requirements indicate that the low-fill subgrade exhibits a noticeable concave displacement curve on the subgrade surface with the passenger-freight separation traffic mode. Notably, the maximum differential settlement in the unilateral widening scheme occurs in the 25th year post-construction, exposing limitations in conventional settlement control paradigms. Even within the 40-year design lifespan, the effect of pile reinforcement in soft soil foundations on slowing or even halting settlement is remarkably pronounced, reducing differential settlement by up to 64.1%. Crucially, the differential settlement under the most unfavorable condition of unilateral widening is six times that of bilateral widening, necessitating special attention to the effects of differential settlement on pavement mechanical response in unilateral widening schemes during subsequent long-life pavement studies.</p>

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Differential settlement mitigation in highway widening projects: a long−life pavement perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Jinghan Xu,
  • Haiyang Wang,
  • Bin Yang,
  • Mulian Zheng,
  • Wanpeng Li,
  • Rongyi Ji

摘要

In highway widening projects, differential settlement between old and new subgrades arises due to variations in soft soil consolidation, material properties, stress history, and additional loading conditions. Currently, differential settlement of subgrade is critical but under-analyzed in long-life pavement design. This study focused on the 40-year design service life and the freight-passenger separation traffic mode under the collaborative long-life requirements of new and old pavements, analyzing the differential settlement of subgrade in highway widening projects. By selecting the most unfavorable height conditions for differential settlement as representative cases, step schemes of 0.50 m × 1.50 m for the bilateral widening and 0.50 m × 2.25 m for the unilateral widening, along with a 14 m pile reinforcement depth for both conditions, are recommended as mitigation strategies for differential settlement. The data and technology have passed the reliability verification in terms of correctness, applicability, environmental impact, and economic benefits. The settlement analysis results under long-life design requirements indicate that the low-fill subgrade exhibits a noticeable concave displacement curve on the subgrade surface with the passenger-freight separation traffic mode. Notably, the maximum differential settlement in the unilateral widening scheme occurs in the 25th year post-construction, exposing limitations in conventional settlement control paradigms. Even within the 40-year design lifespan, the effect of pile reinforcement in soft soil foundations on slowing or even halting settlement is remarkably pronounced, reducing differential settlement by up to 64.1%. Crucially, the differential settlement under the most unfavorable condition of unilateral widening is six times that of bilateral widening, necessitating special attention to the effects of differential settlement on pavement mechanical response in unilateral widening schemes during subsequent long-life pavement studies.