<p>The depletion of natural resources has intensified the global pursuit of sustainable alternatives across industries, including construction, where the reliance on natural sand has prompted the need for environmentally responsible alternatives. Waste Foundry Sand (WFS), a silica-rich industrial by-product from ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting, has emerged as a potential replacement for natural fine aggregate in concrete. While several reviews have examined the impacts of partially substituting WFS for fine aggregate on workability, mechanical properties, durability and microstructural analysis, there remains a significant gap in understanding the utilization of WFS as an alternate for fine aggregate on the structural behaviour of the RC elements. This study provides a comprehensive review of experimental investigations about utilization of WFS as an alternate for fine aggregate in concrete, specifically focusing on structural applications, an area with limited prior coverage. It was observed that the partial replacement of fine aggregate with WFS up to 30–35% enhances compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths, along with improved ductility, stiffness, and crack resistance in concrete beams. However, mechanical properties begin to decline beyond the 35% replacement level due to increased porosity and shrinkage. It was concluded that the WFS can effectively improve the load-carrying and moment-resisting capacity of structural members when used within optimal replacement levels. These findings reinforce the viability of WFS as a sustainable and performance-enhancing material in structural concrete, contributing to circular economy practices and the reduction of environmental impact in the construction sector.</p>