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<p>Cold-formed steel (CFS) has gained prominence as a structural material for industrial buildings due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility in design. However, CFS structures are particularly vulnerable to failure under fire exposure, which poses serious safety risks. This study investigates the post-fire web-crippling behavior of galvanized iron (GI) CFS sections under end two flange (ETF) and interior two flange (ITF) loading conditions. Experimental testing was performed on sections without web holes, while parametric analysis explored the impact of 40 and 60&#xa0;mm diameter web holes. Finite element method (FEM) analysis was used to validate experimental results. Specimens were heated according to the ISO 834 fire curve, followed by cooling through either air or water. A total of 30 specimens—encompassing both ambient and post-fire conditions with and without web holes—were analyzed under ETF and ITF loading scenarios. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in load-carrying capacity with prolonged heat exposure, with web crippling observed as the predominant failure mode. Unheated sections under ETF loading exhibited a peak load of 12.54&#xa0;kN, which is notably 66.11% higher than sections heated for 90&#xa0;min and water-cooled. Additionally, increasing web hole size led to decreases in load capacity, with reductions of 32.61% and 22.74% for 40&#xa0;mm and 60&#xa0;mm holes in ETF and ITF conditions, respectively. The findings underscore the importance of heat exposure duration and cooling methods on the structural performance of CFS sections post-fire.</p>

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Web crippling strength of GI based cold- formed steel under high temperature: experimental and analytical modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月30日

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  • Varun Sabu Sam,
  • N. Anand,
  • Deon Joseph,
  • Siew Choo Chin

摘要

Cold-formed steel (CFS) has gained prominence as a structural material for industrial buildings due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility in design. However, CFS structures are particularly vulnerable to failure under fire exposure, which poses serious safety risks. This study investigates the post-fire web-crippling behavior of galvanized iron (GI) CFS sections under end two flange (ETF) and interior two flange (ITF) loading conditions. Experimental testing was performed on sections without web holes, while parametric analysis explored the impact of 40 and 60 mm diameter web holes. Finite element method (FEM) analysis was used to validate experimental results. Specimens were heated according to the ISO 834 fire curve, followed by cooling through either air or water. A total of 30 specimens—encompassing both ambient and post-fire conditions with and without web holes—were analyzed under ETF and ITF loading scenarios. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in load-carrying capacity with prolonged heat exposure, with web crippling observed as the predominant failure mode. Unheated sections under ETF loading exhibited a peak load of 12.54 kN, which is notably 66.11% higher than sections heated for 90 min and water-cooled. Additionally, increasing web hole size led to decreases in load capacity, with reductions of 32.61% and 22.74% for 40 mm and 60 mm holes in ETF and ITF conditions, respectively. The findings underscore the importance of heat exposure duration and cooling methods on the structural performance of CFS sections post-fire.