<p>Asphalt mixtures play a critical role in transportation infrastructure, with cracking representing a significant challenge in asphalt pavements. This literature review delves into the field of fracture mechanics within asphalt pavement engineering, highlighting the various factors that influence the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The choice of materials in asphalt composition is vital; incorporating coarser aggregates, stiffer binders, fibers, and specific additives can enhance the mixture's fracture resistance. Additionally, the geometry of test specimens and the loading conditions during testing significantly affect the measured fracture resistance, with thicker specimens generally demonstrating improved fracture toughness. Environmental factors also play a crucial role; phenomena such as freeze–thaw cycles and rising temperatures can substantially reduce the overall fracture toughness of asphalt pavements. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for developing effective pavement design and maintenance strategies, ultimately contributing to the longevity and durability of asphalt pavements.</p>